Flying cheap to Macedonia. A mission impossible?

Евтини летови до Македонија. невозможна мисија?

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Albanian,English,Macedonian

To Name or Not to Name? Greek Nationalism Ltd.

Вето за Македонија победа на грчкиот национализам и како понатаму

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Albanian,English,Macedonian

More Care in Primary Health! More Care Centers in the Municipalities!

More Care in Primary Health! More Care Centers in the Municipalities!

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Albanian,English,Macedonian

Macedonian Diplomatic Bulletin 2007/04

Macedonian Diplomatic Bulletin 2007/04

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): English,French,German

Keywords: North Macedonia; NATO; Diplomacy; Euro-Atlantic integration; European Union integration; democracy; Balkans; Kosovo; geopolitics;

Ethnic Communities in Kosovo in 2007 and 2008

Komunitetet Etnike në Kosovë në 2007 dhe 2008

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Albanian,English,Serbian

Content: Security Issues, Employment, and Application of Law on the Use of Languages and Anti-discrimination Law in Kosovo; Return of Displaced Persons to Kosovo in 2007 and 2008; Kosovo Institutions Applying the Law on the Use of Languages; Application of Anti-discrimination Law and Law on the Use of Languages in Kosovo Public Companies; Implementation of the Law on the Use of Languages in the Kosovo Education Process.

On the Occasion of the 65th Anniversary of Belarusian Studies at the University of Warsaw (History and State of Research until 2019)

65-lecie Katedry Białorutenistyki Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego (historia i stan badań do 2019 roku)

Author(s): Nina Barszczewska / Language(s): English,Polish,Belarusian / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Department of Belarusian Studies; 65th anniversary; Belarusian studies; history of Belarusian studies; achievements in linguistics and literary studies

In October 2021, the Department of Belarusian Studies at the University of Warsaw celebrated its 65th anniversary. During that time, a number of scientific papers in the fields of literary studies, linguistics, cultural studies and history were published, and many master’s and doctoral theses were defended. The development of Belarusian studies in Poland is of particular importance in today’s difficult times for the Belarusian language and culture within the Republic of Belarus, where the mother tongue of the nation is being abused and Belarusian organizations are being dissolved.

The Department of Belarusian Studies at the University of Warsaw in 2017–2021

Katedra Białorutenistyki Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego w latach 2017–2021

Author(s): Radosław Kaleta / Language(s): English,Polish,Belarusian / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Department of Belarusian Studies; anniversary; history of Belarusian studies; scientific achievements; scientific output

The article describes the recent history of the Department of Belarusian Studies at the University of Warsaw from 2017 to 2021. It presents staff changes, recent publications, awards, organized conferences, international cooperation, guest lectures, events popularizing Belarusian studies, student affairs and the latest changes in teaching. Apart from showcasing the achievements of the Department on the occasion of its 65th anniversary, the article also aims to raise awareness about Belarusian affairs and encourage support for Belarusianness in difficult times.

EDITORS’ PREFACE

Słowo wstępne

Author(s): Tadeusz Grabarczyk,Jarosław Kita,Magdalena Pogońska-Pol,Myroslav Voloshchuk / Language(s): English,Polish,Ukrainian / Publication Year: 0

Interview with the Pianist Jakub Kamiński

Wywiad z pianistą Jakubem Kamińskim

Author(s): Elżbieta Dziąg,Wojciech Grodzki,Krzysztof Jankowski,Paulina Michalak,Zuzanna Suska,Miłosz Szymczak,Martina Wilińska,Dagmara Milińska-Tran / Language(s): English,Polish,Italian / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: music; pianist; concerts; science

The text presents the interview with the pianist Jakub Kamiński conducted by a group of first grade students of Italian Studies. The musician talks about his professional path, inspirations, didactic work and shares the memories from his concerts. The interviewed is translated to Italian and English.

Invitation to the exploratory research ways

Pozvání na výzkumné cesty - Die Wege der Forschung betreten – eine Einladung

Author(s): Šárka Pospíšilová,Jan Emil Biernat / Language(s): English,Czech,German / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: science; Gregor Johann Mendel; genetics;

There are not many scientists who have managed to lay the foundations for an entire scientific field. And there are certainly not many who have achieved such a feat in this country. Therefore great respect is due Gregor Johann Mendel, considered the founder of genetics, who worked for most of his life in the Augustinian monastery at Old Brno and, on the basis of his experimental work, formulated the laws of heredity that are now called by his name throughout the world. However, Mendel was a much more interdisciplinary scientist, involved in many different fields. In addition to conducting thousands of challenging experiments investigating the inheritance of individual traits in peas, Mendel was also interested in meteorology, beekeeping and breeding. In addition, he also served as a priest, abbot of the St. Thomas Monastery, and even as a bank director. We can hardly imagine such a wide range of activities among contemporary scientists.

Gregor Johann Mendel – A man of many talents, professions and vocations

Gregor Johann Mendel – muž řady talentů, profesí i poslání Erster Weg - Gregor Johann Mendel – ein Mann vieler Talente, Berufe und Berufungen

Author(s): Blanka Křížová / Language(s): English,Czech,German / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Gregor Johann Mendel; genetics; science; talent; profession; vocation;

Johann was born on 20 July 1822 in Hynčice, Silesia, into the family of German-speaking small farmers Anton and Rosina Mendel. He had an older and a younger sister (two of this other sisters died early in childhood). • From an early age, the boy was very curious. He found many stimuli in his father’s orchard and apiary. Already at elementary school, his teacher noticed his unusual interest in learning. From this time, his life took a course different from that which one might expect from his family background...

Examining the personal possessions of G. J. Mendel: The quest for DNA

Výzkum osobních předmětů G. J. Mendela – zdroj hledání DNA - G. J. Mendels persönliche Utensilien – DNA-Quelle dringend gesucht

Author(s): Dana Fialová,Filip Pardy,Kristýna Brzobohatá / Language(s): English,Czech,German / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Gregor Johann Mendel; genetics; genome;

From the very first stages of planning the project to study the genome of Gregor Johann Mendel, it was clear that if Mendel’s remains were found in the tomb, it would not be possible to unequivocally identify them without a reference genetic material. The Augustinian tomb at the Brno Central Cemetery, where Gregor Johann Mendel is buried, has been used for more than 150 years, and the coffins are placed there more or less anonymously, and not in any order.

Archaeological research on the Augustinian tomb

Archeologický výzkum augustiniánské hrobky - Archäologen in der Augustinergruft

Author(s): Marek Peška,Antonín Zůbek / Language(s): English,Czech,German / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Gregor Johann Mendel; tomb; Augustinian tomb; archaeology;

The archaeological research during the exhumation of the remains of Gregor Johann Mendel was carried out by a team of archaeologists from Archaia Brno in cooperation with the Department of Archaeology and Museology of the Faculty of Arts of Masaryk University. The two institutions had cooperated on several previous projects. The exhumation of human skeletal remains has become an almost daily practice for Archaia’s employees since the establishment of the company’s Brno office. Over the quarter of a century of its existence, it has recovered the remains of thousands of buried individuals on many occasions, mostly as part of rescue archaeological excavations in Brno carried out in connection with various construction activities that disrupted prehistoric and early medieval burial sites or high medieval or modern cemeteries. Specific burial sites such as ossuaries, church crypts and mass graves have also been investigated in recent decades (Holub et al., 2006; Merta & Sedláčková, 2013; Zůbek, 2013, 2018; Živný, 2010). However, the research in retrieving the remains of Gregor Johann Mendel was exceptional in two ways. Unlike these other activities, this project took place on the grounds of a functioning cemetery and its subject was the remains of a known person, compared to the prior exhumations from the graves of multitudes of nameless deceased.

Exhumation of the remains of G. J. Mendel

Exhumace ostatků G. J. Mendela - Die Exhumierung

Author(s): Eva Drozdová,Dana Fialová / Language(s): English,Czech,German / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Gregor Johann Mendel; genetics; exhumation;

Immediately after the archaeologists lifted the coffin with the remains of Gregor Johann Mendel from the grave in the tomb of the Augustinian Order at the Brno Central Cemetery, the coffin was transported to the local morgue. It was here where all the tasks related to the field anthropological research were carried out: the taking of samples for genetic analysis, the removal of the body from the coffin, and the removal and safe storage of all the artefacts which were present in the coffin along with the bodily remains.

Examination of the skeletal remains of G. J. Mendel

Výzkum kosterních pozůstatků G. J. Mendela - Das Skelett

Author(s): Eva Drozdová / Language(s): English,Czech,German / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Gregor Johann Mendel; exhumation; examination; skeletal remains;

After being removed from the coffin, the skeletal remains of Gregor Johann Mendel were transported for further anthropological analysis to the Laboratory of Biological and Molecular Anthropology of the Section of Genetics and Molecular Biology at the Department of Experimental Biology of the Faculty of Science, Masaryk University. After a brief acclimatisation in the skeletal material depository, the state of the bone tissue was evaluated, and the anthropological analysis commenced. First, the individual bones were cleaned. Because they were in good condition, no complicated reconstruction was necessary. Most of the bones, except for the pelvic bones and the tibiae, were intact. At this stage, the skeletal remains were ready for anthropological study. • The bones were well preserved. The best preserved were the skull and the upper part of the postcranial skeleton.

Identification of the bodily remains of G. J. Mendel

Identifizierung der leiblichen Überreste von G. J. Mendel

Author(s): Dana Fialová,Filip Pardy,Eva Drozdová,Marek Peška,Antonín Zůbek / Language(s): English,Czech,German / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Gregor Johann Mendel; bodily remains; archaeology;

The identification of the remains of Gregor Johann Mendel was a crucial step in the research on his skeletal remains. No details were known about the burial of his remains in the tomb. The only established fact was that his coffin with his remains was buried in this location. In order to be sure that we were really examining the remains of Gregor Johann Mendel, his remains had to be identified by all available means. Archaeologically, based on the order and the position of the coffin in the tomb. Anthropologically, by comparing the biological parameters of the remains found in the coffin that was assumed to be his with known facts from his life. Most important, however, was genetic identification, which can identify an individual with a probability approaching 100%.

The genome, the origin and the state of health of G. J. Mendel

Genom, původ a zdravotní stav G. J. Mendela - Genom, Herkunft und Gesundheitszustand von G. J. Mendel

Author(s): Filip Pardy,Dana Fialová,Michael Doubek / Language(s): English,Czech,German / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Gregor Johann Mendel; genome; origin; state;

Gregor Johann Mendel’s (GJM) DNA analyses were based on material which was obtained in cooperation with the Laboratory of Biological and Molecular Anthropology of the Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University (LBMA). They consisted of samples from the personal items in the Gregor Johann Mendel Museum collection and in the Abbey, as well as material obtained directly from the remains removed from the Augustinian tomb at the Brno Central Cemetery.

Returning the remains to the Augustinian tomb

Znovuuložení ostatků do augustiniánské hrobky - Gregor Johann Mendels zweites Begräbnis

Author(s): Eva Drozdová,Šárka Pospíšilová,Jan Emil Biernat / Language(s): English,Czech,German / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Gregor Johann Mendel; remains; exhumation; genome; Augustinian tomb;

The direct examination of the skeletal remains in the laboratories of Masaryk University was completed on 3 November 2021. The skeletal remains of all the members of the Order of St. Augustine exhumed from the section of the tomb where Gregor Johann Mendel was buried were returned to the Order on that day. The remains were transported from the MU campus in Brno-Bohunice to the St. Thomas Abbey, where in the Basilica of the Assumption of Our Lady they were placed in new, smaller coffins made of dark wood with a light cross and the names of the deceased. Further scientific research was carried out using only previously collected samples of biological material and data obtained during the anthropological and genetic analyses.

Acknowledgements

Poděkování - Danksagung

Author(s): Not Specified Author / Language(s): English,Czech,German / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Gregor Johann Mendels; exhumation; genetics; acknowledgements;

The authors thank all who have contributed to the research on the bodily remains and genetic information of Abbot Mendel and those who initiated the research project.

References

Literatura - Literatur

Author(s): Not Specified Author / Language(s): English,Czech,German / Publication Year: 0