Lexico-Semantic Peculiarities of Greek Words in Rhodope Vernaculars

Лексико-семантични особености на гръцките думи в родопските говори

Author(s): Tsvetana Mandzhukova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Bulgarian language; Rhodopi dialects; Greek language; Greek loanwords; lexico-semantic peculiarities

Greek loanwords in Bulgarian constitute a significant share of the total number of foreign words in it. In some Bulgarian dialects the number of Greek words, in comparison with other foreign lexemes, is larger owing to the proximity of these vernaculars to those of Greek, and also due to the historical and cultural processes transpiring in Bulgarian lands in the past. In a considerable number of Greek words that have entered the Rhodopi vernaculars semantic changes have occurred. There also are loan words that have preserved the central meaning they have in the source language. Depending on the semantic characteristics of Greek loan words in the Rhodopi vernaculars, three main groups can be differentiated: a) words where no change in meaning has occurred, b) words that have acquired new meaning, and c) new words that are derivatives of lexemes from the former two groups. The study also traces penetration routes of Greek words in the Rhodopi vernaculars. The frequency of use of loan words is analysed in a diachronic aspect.

On the Cult Scenes in the New Babylonian Glyptics, 7th–5th Century BC (Part 2)

За култовата сцена в Нововавилонската глиптика през VII–V в. пр. Хр. (част II)

Author(s): Kabalan Moukarzel / Language(s): English,Bulgarian / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: stamp-seal; cultic scene; Neo-Babylonian; style; worshipper; symbol; type

The present research is dedicated to the stamp-seals and their im-pressions with the Neo-Babylonian Cultic scene. The research is ba-sed mainly on published monuments in the collections of Le Louvre (Paris) and Vorderasiatischen Museum (Berlin), added with some artifacts from other museums. A classification of the motive on the monuments is proposed. It is based on the styles used in the art of Mesopotamian glyptics during the First Millennium BCE. Three types of scene’s depiction are de-fined, and the peculiarities of their figural elements are examined. Based on new publications, some additional observations on the chronology of the scene in the period under study are made.

Elements of Eastern Influence on a Timpani of the Island of Crete

Елементи на източно влияние по тимпан от остров Крит

Author(s): Zozan Tarhan / Language(s): English,Bulgarian / Publication Year: 0

The purpose of this article is to prove the existence of an eastern influence on a Greek monument dating back to the 8th – 7th centuries BC – timpani of the island of Crete. The analysis is based on specific elements in the scene of the artifact, which are considered separately and compared to other monuments of Mesopotamia, Asia Minor and Levant.

Approaching the Infinite: The Boundary Situation and the “Dao” of Language

Подстъпи към безпределното: граничната ситуация и "дао"-то на език

Author(s): Desislava Damyanova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian / Publication Year: 0

The hermeneutic approach to the philosophical background of ancient Chinese thought reveals an aspiration to combine the traditional values of the East with the achievements of existential analytics. Daoist cultural heritage attracts Europeans not only with its mirror otherness but mainly with the harmonic relationship of man and nature, as oneness with the Way (道 – Dao). Many authors, including poets, writers, philosophers, cultural anthropologists, scientists, etc. have adopted the fundamental difference between the East and the West as a way of dichotomous thinking based on ontological and epistemological distinctions. Such presuppositions have become the starting point for elaborate theories, comparative studies and political science developments relating to the ‘far-eastern spirit’, peoples, traditions and destinies. We ask ourselves whether to construct an overview concerning the early Daoist parables and sayings as an imaginary whole is justified and to what extent. Despising technocratic rationality and the artificiality of modern technological culture, Daoism and the cultural orientations broadly associated with it, provide an ideal source of alternative creativity. It discloses the impermanence of the hidden meaning in life and the assumption that the universe or some fundamental issues in society could not necessarily be manifested in philosophical theories, but can be embodied in the performance of poetry, allegory, image thinking. It carries out a kind of philosophical criticism – the idea that with the transition from the epistemological to the ontological implication, the so called ‘common sense’ may exist in other branches of knowledge and modes of speech. Daoists focus on nonstandard, non-competitive mind, challenging the legitimacy of their own conceptual schemes. Dao-language implies the unconditional, irreducible presence of the Way which precedes all the artificially fixed meanings. The so called ‘image thinking’ encompasses the Boundless and is opposed to the distortion of any natural discourses. As a kind of incarnation of the Great Ultimate, the speech is born in the empty mind just as the sound occurs in silence, so ‘forgetting the words’ (Zhuangzi) is a precondition of any cognition.

Wine in China and in the Poetry of Li Bai

Виното в Китай и в поезията на Ли Бай

Author(s): Iskra Mandova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian / Publication Year: 0

Wine in China has a long history which can be traced back to about 4000 BC to the period of the Neolithic Yangshao culture. In 1979 archaeologists excavated a grave of the Dawenkou culture in Shandong Province where they found a set of about 100 wine making vessels from 5000 years ago, including vessels for wine boiling, fermentation, storing and drinking. After issuing of the first anti-wine regulation in the Chinese history from the first ruler of the Western Zhou (1046–771), from the period of the Han dynasty wine industry registered a boom. Under the Sui and the Tang dynasties, wine making continued to develop, private production was no longer limited and ordinary people could make and sell wine freely.

Phraseological Units Which Include the “Head” Somatism in Bulgarian and in Japanese

Фразеологичните единици, включващи в своя състав соматизма "глава" в българския и в японския език

Author(s): Katya Marinova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: phraseological units; somatisms; interlinguistic equivalence; phraseological equivalents

Depending on the degree of interlinguistic equivalence, the phraseological units with Bulgarian somatism head and Japanese somatism 頭 (atama, kashira; zu, tou) can be divided into: complete (absolute) phraseological equivalents, incomplete (partitive) phraseological equivalents, relative phraseological equivalents, phraseological analogs and formal phraseological equivalents. In view of the fact that the Bulgarian and Japanese languages belong to different language families, complete (absolute) phraseological equivalents can be found very rarely, but we can detect a lot of partitive and relative phraseological equivalents, as well as many formal phraseological equivalents. Since Bulgarian phraseological units with head exceed Japanese phraseological units in number, we detect more phraseological analogues in Bulgarian phraseological units.

Symbiosis of the Ancient Cultures of the Levant

Симбиоза на древните култури в Леванта

Author(s): Diana Petkova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian / Publication Year: 0

Millenniums before Christ from cults through goddesses to the most systematized archive for cuneiform writing, documents classified and put in order like a contemporary library. Respect and protection of knowledge. Combining the riches of ancient nations. What do the elderly Christians teach us from “the cradle of civilization”. Among our customs there are traditions we need to retain. When we come to know each other’s cultures we get closer. To understand the temper, customs, to respect religion, to come to know the people. Human love is respect for each other and tolerance for other people. Otherwise you become like a flower without its roots, the inlay can’t be assembled, each piece has its own place, role and meaning and the absence of even one of them ruins the harmony. In the world we hear about the Arabic expansion while erudite and the people of Levant (Baled Sham) emphatically declare that there is Arabian invasion. When the Arabians came they did not have any knowledge or culture, but they had respect and dignity. While meeting a nation with an ancient culture, language, traditions and knowledge, Arabians are interested in the knowledge, ability and cultural treasure so they treat them with respect. It is written so in the books and they bring so their children up. Aramaic translations preserve and pass on achievements from the ancient Greek erudite. Umayyad and Abbasid ages are a trampoline in the development of science, as the knowledge is spread by paper.

Sufism as аn Instrument to Counter Radical Islam

Суфизмът като инструмент за противодействие на радикалния ислям

Author(s): Vesela Todorova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: radical islam; sufism; shari‘a; radicalization; jihad; Quran

The influence of radical islam is spreading not only in the Middle East but also around the rest of the world. With the surge of the terrorist attacks in Europe, the Middle East, Africa and USA, commited in the name of radical organizations such as Islamic State and Al Qaeda, there is an urgent need of finding a solution to counter radicalization among the muslim population and converts around the world. In this paper the roots of the modern doctrine of the radical islam are explained as well as the reason why sufism can be used as an instrument to fight the radicalization in islam.

Comparison of Some Myths Considering the Creation

Съпоставка на някои митове за сътворението

Author(s): Reni Stoyanova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: mythology; creation; chaos

Mythology is the basic feature of every ethnicity.The Creation of the world is an important starting point and is differently represented by every nation. In addition, myths are spread into pieces. Here is a brief comparison of the Chinese, Greek, Japanese Egyptian, Indian and Hittite Anatolia mythology. Each of them has its unique features, but they also have some overlapping points. Generally speaking there are one and the same elements, people or things appearing in the myths mentioned above. For example we can find the conception of the Chaos not only within the Chinese myths but also in the Greek and Indian ones.

From The Cult of The Pagan Heroes To The Cult of The Christian Saints in The Balkan Lands Problems of Historiography

От култа към езическите херои към култа към християнските светци в балканските земи - проблеми на историографията

Author(s): Milen Ivanov / Language(s): English,Bulgarian / Publication Year: 0

The present paper deals with the current state of scientific research concerning the religious transformation from the cult of the pagan heroes to the cult of the Christian saints in the Balkan lands south of the Danube. The geographic frame of this study covers the area, which was inhabited in the age of Antiquity by the Thracians. A comparative review has been made of the research works of some western authors like P. Saintyves, H. Delehaye, P. Brown, J. Fredouille and others, who represent various research trends and paradigms. It seems that the more Christian viewpoint the author shares, the more is he inclined to reject the idea of dependency between the cult of the saints and the cult of the heroes; and vice versa – the more emancipated is he from the authority of the church, the more tending is he to affirm the idea of religious continuity. At this background, there is a number of major Bulgarian researchers, as well as foreign researchers, dealing with the Balkan lands, who have been presented in the paper – like I. Gueorguieva, G. Kazarow, Chr. Walter, E. Theodorov, I. Dujčev and some other. They have treated certain aspects of the transition. The study of the traditional popular culture, containing ancient pagan vestiges, is of primary importance in analyzing the subject matter. There are many other authors, who have treated the religious transition, but, in genera, the researchers, presented in this study, seem to form the overall notion concerning the scientific discourse on the problem. Of course, there remain numerous issues, which may be subject of further fruitful research.

Participation of Bulgarians in the Franciscan Missions in Southeastern Europe during the 17th Century: Paolo Da Cinquefonti

Българското участие във францисканските мисии в Югоизточна Европа през XVII в.: Павел от Петокладенци

Author(s): Elmira Vasileva / Language(s): English,Bulgarian / Publication Year: 0

The Bulgarian Catholics’ history should not be studied independently but in connection with the general Roman Church’s Balkan policy in the Ottoman period. The Bulgarian Catholics and their Franciscan priest were in contact with other Catholic groups living under the Ottomans, as well as outside the Empire. They are part of a sort of religious network that goes beyond political and geographical borders. Bulgarian Franciscans participated in Roman Church’s missions in the 17th century, being sometimes appointed to important positions. They are educated in the Catholic colleges in Italy and, being fluent in Italian and Latin, are familiar with the European intellectual trends and political concepts of their time. Actually, they are the main bearers of modern ideas among the Bulgarians.

George Washburn’s Visit to Stara Zagora in 1875, as Reflected on the Pages of the “Den” (Day) Magazine

Посещението на Джордж Уошбърн в Стара Загора през 1875 г., отразено на страниците на списание „Ден“

Author(s): Vanya Doneva / Language(s): English,Bulgarian / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: George Washburn; Robert College; Stara Zagora

This publication aims to analyze only a brief moment in the life of George Washburn, American Protestant missionary and longtime rector Robert collage in Istanbul, which is intertwined with the history of Stara Zagora, based on information published by reportage of pages of the Bulgarian scientific politically magazine “Den” (1875).

Atanas Iliev and the History of Stara Zagora

Атанас Т. Илиев за историята на Стара Загора

Author(s): Vanya Doneva / Language(s): English,Bulgarian / Publication Year: 0

Person and work of Atanas Iliev are subject to various historical research on the development of education and textbook literature in Stara Zagora at the end of the nineteenth century. His contributions as a researcher’s past Stara Zagora and initiated the creation of a local museum remains underrated.. The purpose of this notice is to outline research interests related to the history of his native town on the basis of a series of publications “From the history of the city of Stara Zagora“, printed on the pages of the newspaper “St.- Zagorskiy glas“ (1912).

Yugo-Nostalgia in The Individual–and The Collective Memory (Case Study Bitola, Macedonia)

Югоносталгия в индивидуалната и колективната памет (Case Study - Битоля, Македония)

Author(s): Nadya Toshmakova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian / Publication Year: 0

This study explores the manifestation of Yugonostalgia among people of Bitola, Macedonia. Over two decades after Yugoslavia broke up, a feeling of nostalgia towards the former nation has surfaced. In the countries that emerged out of socialist Yugoslavia, it is called “Yugonostalgia” and is a very wide spread cultural phenomenon in all age groups. Has the dramatic transition into a post-socialist country fostered Yugonostalgic feelings among these people? If not, what in perceptions of citizens their country today is better than Yugoslavia? What in the memories about Yugoslavia is better than nowadays experiences? If so, what are these people nostalgic for? What about Yugoslavia seems so much better than present-day Macedonia? Which are the real personal memories and which of them have become part of the collective myth about the past that people present like their own narratives? The study is based on fieldwork conducted in the summer of 2015 in the city of Bitola, Republic of Macedonia, and some nearby villages. Multiple ethnological and historical methods are used, including: method of oral history, participant observation, method of life story, semi-structured interviews, photo and video documentation, archive materials gathered in the museums around the city.

THE WORLD ECONOMY – IN THE PRELUDE TO FUNDAMENTAL CHANGES

СВЕТОВНАТА ИКОНОМИКА – В ПРЕЛЮДИЯТА КЪМ ФУНДАМЕНТАЛНИ ПРОМЕНИ

Author(s): Dimitar M Ivanov / Language(s): English,Bulgarian / Publication Year: 0

CREATIVE DESTRUCTION IN THE PROCESS OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

СЪЗИДАТЕЛНОТО РАЗРУШЕНИЕ В ПРОЦЕСА НА ИКОНОМИЧЕСКО РАЗВИТИЕ

Author(s): Julia Dobreva / Language(s): English,Bulgarian / Publication Year: 0

The Cult of Saint John of Rila In the Hagiography of Tarnovo

Култът към Св. Иван Рилски в търновската агиография

Author(s): Venelin Grudkov / Language(s): English,Bulgarian / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: religious cult; hagiographical texts; ethnos

The research focuses on the main texts of the Old Bulgarian hagiographical cycle about Saint John of Rila. Text analysis of the post-biographical parts leads to the conclusion that the relics of the Rila saint extremely actualize their impact in historical periods that are dramatic for the ethnic destiny.

The Collection of Old Printed Books of the Holy Trinity Monastery in the Village of Novo Selo near the Town of Apriltsi, Bulgaria

Сбирката от старопечатни книги на манастира „Света троица“ в Ново село, град Априлци

Author(s): Maria Polimirova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Virgin Monastery; Novo Selo; old printed books; Russian liturgical books; engravings; subscriptions; nuns; Stoyan Kovanlushki

This article presents an unknown until now old printed books collection of the “Holy Trinity Monastery” in Novo Selo, Apriltsi. It contains 18 printed books, most of them are Russian liturgical books, the earliest of which are the Gospel and the Apostle, published in the Kievo-Pechorian Lavra in 1752. Rare editions of engravings are presented and is given the content of the contributions, which gives information about the books themselves, about their owners and about the history of “The Holy Trinity Monastery” in Novo Selo. Particular attention is paid to an unknown note from the famous Bulgarian Revival writer Stoyan Kovanlushki.

The Special Version of the Service to St Nicholas of Myra in Two Bulgarian Menaions of the 14th Century

Особая редакция службы Свт. Николаю в двух болгарских минеях XIV век

Author(s): Victoria Legkikh / Language(s): English,Russian / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: St. Nicholas; hymnography; Dragan“s menaion; canon

The subject of this paper is version of the service to St. Nicholas of Myra in two Bulgarian menaions of the 14th century. One is taken from the collection of the National Library of Russia and another one so called “Dragan’s menaion” is taken from the collection of the Zograf monastery. The service in the both menaions demonstrates the brevity of the composition. This composition is different from the version of the Russian menaions of the 12th – 14th centuries. The composition of services for both Bulgarian menaions is almost identical but there is an important difference – there are different canons with the same kontakion and ikos. Both canons are not known by other traditions. The canon of the Dragan’s menaion is particularly interesting. The origin of this canon undoubtedly goes back to an old one, since it keeps the second second Ode. The images and lexical material also show its antiquity. The paper is devoted to the analysis of this services and in particularly of the canon of Dragan’s menaion.

About the Medieval Slavic Translations of John Climacus’ Ladder and Their Names in the Scholarly Literature

О средневековых славянских переводах Лествицы Иоанна Синайского и их именованиях в научной литературе

Author(s): Tatyana Popova / Language(s): English,Russian / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: The Ladder of Divine Ascent; John of Sinai; Preslav literary school; Tarnovo literary school; Early Slavic translations and editions