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4.50 €

Problems of valency in poetic text

Problemy walencji w tekście poetyckim

Author(s): Magdalena Danielewiczowa / Language(s): English,Russian,Polish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: language of poetry; semantics; deep syntax; valencies of predicates

The article deals with creative violations of the semantic limitations of predicates in Polish poetry. Until now, this problem has not been consistently taken into account, although it opens new research perspectives in the field of linguistics and literary studies. Characteristics of the words used in a given text in terms of their valency structure allow to draw the boundary between the poetry from earlier periods and its more avant-garde forms. The way in which the problem is solved in artistic texts can also be an important criterion for distinguishing between one author’s poetic workshop and the artistic strategy of another. It also allows you to follow how the poets gradually familiarize the reader with the creative technique studied in this article, what additional tools they use to encourage him to make an interpretive effort. From the theoretical point of view, the relationship between the question of semantic-syntactic modifications in the modern poetry and the problem of metaphor, metonymy, comparison, zeugma, syllepsis and similar tropes is also interesting. In the main part of her article, the author gives examples of creative violations of the principles of deep syntax in selected poems of B. Leśmian, K. K. Baczyński and Z. Herbert. This allows us to pay attention to three different approaches to the analysed issue.

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Forms of verse as bearers of meanings

Formy wiersza jako nośniki znaczeń

Author(s): Teresa Dobrzyńska-Janusz / Language(s): English,Russian,Polish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: verse; meaning; stylistic markedness; iconicity; axiology

Investigation of verse forms and their functioning in literary texts leads to the conclusion that they may be employed as bearers of semantic values. The present paper is going to show the richness of this resource. The semantic values of various verse structures are interpreted here in terms of the semiotic categories introduced by Charles Sanders Peirce: as symptoms, symbols, or iconic signs. The basis for this kind of reflection is earlier research in Polish verse structure and a systematic study of various verse forms and their linguistic morphology conducted by a group of Polish and other Slavic researchers (the results of their collaborative work have been published in the “Comparative Slavic Metrics” series („Słowiańska Metryka Porównawcza”); a particular interest to the semantic function of verse forms is a hallmark of the volume (Semantyka form wierszowych (1988)). The semantic function of the rhythmical organization of an utterance may be found even in antiquity and can be noted in many cultures. Rhythmical utterances were treated there as standing in opposition to non-metrical everyday speech and as vehicles of such cultural values as “sacred”, “solemn”, “important for the community”. The semantic value of a metrical structure can be attributed to the fact that verse forms function as filters of various linguistic units and that the metrical organization of a text determines its stylistic characteristics. This stylistic value may be employed and interpreted in many different ways, for instance to represent the social status of the speaker or to differentiate between various literary genres. Many metrical forms perform an iconic function (which depends not only on the rhythmical organization of a text but also on its verbal and conceptual content). Some semantic values are derived from the intertextual relationships of a poem and result from the position of its verse form in the verse form system of a given literature. Verse structure may also be seen as a kind of author’s signature, and it may be employed to perform axiological functions. Many such cases have been illustrated in the paper.

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Relevance theory and poetry: An inferential analysis of Philip Larkin’s “Mr Bleaney”

Author(s): Héctor Luis Grada Martinez / Language(s): English,Russian,Polish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: theory of relevance; inference; interpretation; poetry; Philip Larkin

Recently, relevance theory has been increasingly used in literary studies. However, little research has examined the role of inferences in the interpretation of a poem. This article illustrates how pragmatics and, more precisely, relevance theory, may provide a scientific, cognitive ground to understand how poetic interpretation is constructed through the reader’s inferences. To do so, I analyse “Mr Bleaney”, by British poet Philip Larkin (1922-1985), as a case study for applying relevance theory concepts to literary interpretation. Specifically, I analyse inferences that may be drawn from the poem’s linguistically encoded word meanings, and how such inferences are influenced by the poem’s sonorous qualities, like rhythm and meter. The resulting reading emphasises the poet’s identification with a stranger, Mr Bleaney, who by the end of the poem emerges as an alter ego upon whom the poet projects his own existential fears. Because relevance theory is not prescriptive, it may also be useful in explaining dissenting readings, as shown by briefly comparing the resulting “pessimistic” interpretation of the poem with an “optimistic” one offered by Wayne Booth (2014). Thus, I suggest that inferential analysis may improve dialogue among critics dealing with the same literary work. Overall, I argue that inferential analysis based on relevance theory may help explain interpretations in poetry and thus become a firm first step towards a better understanding of other aspects of aesthetic and poetic effects.

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Metaphor and conscience in poetic utterances of Krzysztof Kamil Baczyński

Metafora i świadomość w wypowiedziach poetyckich Krzysztofa Kamila Baczyńskiego

Author(s): Wacław Grzybowski / Language(s): English,Russian,Polish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: K.K. Baczyński; poetry; metaphor; conscience; subjectivity

On the basis of Paul Ricoeur’s, Aleksandra Okopień-Sławińskia’s, Maria Mayenowa’s and Max Black’s theories of metaphor, I undertake an attempt of interpretation of Krzysztof Kamil Baczyński’s poetry. The historical-literary context outlined by Stanisław Stabro in his study of Baczyński’s texts becomes an important help in my attempt at the uniting theory of metaphor with theory of consciousness. The combination of the concept of the literary I of Okopień-Sławińska with the Neotomistic Personalizm of Karol Wojtyła and Mieczysław Krąpiec OP allows me to delineate the concept of poetic consciousness expressed in metaphor.

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Introspective kokon reinterpretans. “Kora Ola Ola!” latin polonicum of Kora Sipowicz

Introspektywny kokon reinterpretans. Kora Ola Ola! – latynoskie polonicum Kory Sipowicz

Author(s): Jakub Jaworski / Language(s): English,Russian,Polish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: semiotics of culture; comparative literature studies; Polish music; Kora Sipowicz

The subject of the article is the intercultural dialogue which emerges out of the musical undertaking “Kora Ola Ola!” (2003) of the Polish artist Kora Sipowicz. The collection comprises various reinterpretations of the twentieth century Polish lyrical works in a Latin arrangement, accompanied by some other Polish, Spanish and English songs, especially those formerly performed by the very artist herself with the famous Polish band, Maanam. In the composition resound convergent transatlantic echoes of mystical poetry, Graeco-Roman mythology, Christian culture and philosophical reflections. The author attempts to delimit the peculiar amalgam of individual Polish identity in this specific, intertextual and intercultural set-up by means of an interdisciplinary analysis and interpretation of particular poetic works and cultural description of their musical arrangement. Moreover there is proposed an analysis and interpretation of the poet’s language, in which the presence of occasionalisms and deictic expressions bring about deformations of the temporal structure. This kind of “estrangment” (ostranenie) contributes to a deconstruction of linguistic (or cultural) automatisms. In the context of interaction and synergy of many cultural codes imposing contradictory requirements, it may help us get closer to the transcultural condition, in terms of the theory developed by Ewa Łukaszyk.

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In an imaginary world: a linguopoetic analysis of Nikolay Gumilov’s poem “Otravlennyy”

В воображаемом мире: лингвопоэтический анализ стихотворения Николая Гумилёва «Отравленный»

Author(s): Vitaliy Kononenko / Language(s): English,Russian,Polish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: text; meaning; concept; metaphor; symbol; hyperbole; lyrical hero; author

The article presents a linguopoetic interpretation of Nikolay Gumilov’s poem “Otravlennyy”. The linguistic means involved in the process of metaphorization have been investigated. The connection between the motives of Gumilov’s poetry and the Russian classical tradition has been established. Approaches to characterization of the “image of the author” have been outlined.

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Discourse new entities and composition of lyric poem: Foreground as the most informative part of discourse

Author(s): Gennadij Zeldowicz / Language(s): English,Russian,Polish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: lyric discourse; composition; foreground; background; discourse old entities; discourse new entities

According to (Сильман 1977), the main compositional divide in lyrical discourse is that between presentation of the author’s emotional/mental experience, which normally constitutes the backgrounded part of the text, and some generalization implying discovery of a significant truth and/or change in the author’s attitude towards the world, which in most cases becomes the foreground. While in general this distinction may be marked by a vast range of linguistic devices, it is hypothesized in the article that one of the major characteristic features of the foreground of lyrical poem is its strive for greater informativeness, and it is manifested, inter alia, by considerably higher incidence of discourse new entities in foregrounded fragments. This claim is supported by counts based on analysis of 100 outstanding poems written mostly in Russian.

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Addresses

Author(s): Tomasz Waliszewski,Tomasz Scholl,Dorota Dzierzbicka,Ewa Chrzanowska,Artur Obłuski,Wojciech Nowakowski,Mahmoud El-Tayeb,Henryk Paner,Iwona Zych,Charles Bonnet,Sylvia Schoske,Dietrich Wildung,Vincent Francigny,Piotr Dyczek,Janice Yellin,Marek Tycjan Olszewski,Ewa Parandowska,Robert Ryndziewicz / Language(s): English,French,German / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Egypt; Byzantium; Christian Nubia; archeology; Włodzimierz Godlewski

The volume brings together 36 fully peer-reviewed contributions in the field of Christian Egypt and Nubia studies, mirroring a lifetime of academic achievement by Prof. Włodzimierz Godlewski, in whose honor this jubilee book has been produced. The contributing scholars are both colleagues and associates, and the subjects they take up in their studies are focused on issues of archaeology, epigraphy, iconography, ceramics and material culture, as well as history of medieval and post-medieval Egypt and Nubia. In several cases, the articles concern material from two sites, Naqlun in Egypt and Dongola in Nubia, where Godlewski has conducted and directed research. Thus, for Naqlun we have the functionaries of the Nekloni monastery (T. Derda and J. Wegner), literary culture (A. Delattre and N. Vanthieghem, J. van der Vliet) as well as ceramics (T. Górecki) and glass vessels (M. Mossakowska-Gaubert), and architecture of the monastic complex from Naqlun (S. Maślak). For Old Dongola there is a study of Egyptian amphorae with dipinti (K. Danys and A. Łajtar) and costume of monks in wall paintings (K. Innemée). Broader studies concern issues like the functioning of a pilgrimage sanctuary in Egypt in late antiquity (E. Wipszycka), wine consumption and usage in Egypt’s monastic communities in the 6th–8th century (D. Dzierzbicka), aspects of the role of Archangel Raphael in Christian Nubia (M. Łaptaś), observations on the origins of “apse portraits” in Nubian royal iconography (M. Woźniak), the ideology and function of the northern pastophorium of Nubian churches based on inscriptions and paintings (A. Łajtar and D. Zielińska). Church architecture is taken up by P. Grossmann for Egypt and Nubia, and A. Obłuski for Nubia. W. Y. Adams gives an overview of evolution and revolution in Nubian pottery, J. R. Anderson and A. Harrison present unique hair textiles from British Museum excavations in Kulubnarti, while A. Boud’hors and E. Garel discuss what remains of the monastery library in Deir el-Bahari (a monograph of which was published by Godlewski early in his academic career). The history of Baybars’ Nubian conquests is taken up by R. Seignobos. Contributions have been offered also by Nettie Adams, M. Barwik, D. Edwards, K. Grzymski, B. Lichocka, A. Łukaszewicz, G. Ochała, M. Rassart-Debergh, T.S. Richter, G.R. Ruffini, H. and A. Tsakos, J. Then-Obłuska, G. van Loon, D. Welsby, I. Zych and B. Żurawski.

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Włodek on the Nile

Author(s): Adam Łajtar,Artur Obłuski,Iwona Zych / Language(s): English,French,German / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Egypt; Byzantium; Christian Nubia; archeology; Włodzimierz Godlewski

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Włodzimierz Godlewski: List of publications

Author(s): Aleksandra Zych / Language(s): English,French,German / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Egypt; Byzantium; Christian Nubia; archeology; Włodzimierz Godlewski

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What remains of the monastery library from Saint-Phoibammon to Deir el-Bahari?

Que reste-t-il de la bibliothèque du monastère de Saint-Phoibammon à Deir el-Bahari?

Author(s): Anne Boud’hors,Esther Garel / Language(s): English,French,German / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Coptic Bible; Coptic manuscripts; monasticism; libraries

Some scraps of Coptic literary texts (parchment and papyrus) have been excavated at Deir el-Bahari in 2008/2009. Identified as biblical passages, they are published here and offer the opportunity to return to the question of the existence and contents of the library of the monastery of Saint-Phoibammon: firstly, to what extent can these fragments be considered as remains of such a library? Then, since the publication of Włodzimierz Godlewski’s monograph on this monastery, are there other clues that make new hypotheses possible?

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The three « colophons » of the Gospel of John discovered in Naqlūn

Les trois « colophons » de l’Évangile de Jean découvert à Naqlūn

Author(s): Alain Delattre,Naïm Vanthieghem / Language(s): English,French,German / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Gospel of John; Fatimid period; 11th–12th century; Naqlūn; burial practices; bilingualism

Edition of two Coptic colophons and an Arabic note written at the end of the 11th–12th manuscript of the Gospel of John found in a grave at Naqlūn in 2002. We argue the Gospel was the property of the deacon Shenoute, son of John, who was probably buried there.

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Functionaries of the Naqlun monastery in the first two centuries of its existence

Πατέρες τοῦ ἁγίου Νεκλονίου. Functionaries of the Naqlun monastery in the first two centuries of its existence

Author(s): Tomasz Derda,Joanna Wegner / Language(s): English,French,German / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Naqlun; laura; prosopography; bishop Nikolaos; monastic administration

The present contribution explores the organisation of the monastic community at Naqlun in the 6th and 7th centuries. It starts with an overview of the sources and proceeds to a prosopography of various figures from the Naqlun community attested in the evidence. The concluding section is devoted to a brief synthesis of our current knowledge of the community structure and its development before the Arab conquest.

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Wine consumption and usage in Egypt’s monastic communities (6th–8th century)

Author(s): Dorota Dzierzbicka / Language(s): English,French,German / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: wine; monasteries; monks; health; payment; liturgy; prosphora; amphorae; stoppers

Wine was crucial for the monastic economy, religion, health and lifestyle. The paper begins with a brief overview of the evidence for monastic vineyard ownership and considers other options available to monks seeking to procure wine for their needs. Further on, the contribution discusses the various uses of wine in coenobitic monasteries and lavras. It explores the issue of the monastic communities’ need for wine for liturgical purposes and payments in kind, as well as the evidence for its consumption among monks in medical, social and everyday contexts. Lastly, relying on textual and archaeological evidence the paper addresses the question of the volume of wine consumed by monks.

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Phasing out LRA 7 amphorae in favor of new wine containers: Preliminary remarks based on finds from excavations in Naqlun

Author(s): Tomasz Górecki / Language(s): English,French,German / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: wine production; wine distribution; wine transport; wine consumption; monastic archaeology; transport containers; pottery production

Clay pots were in antiquity the most popular kind of transport container for liquid goods (wine, olive oil etc.). In Egypt, the commonly used traditional amphoras were supplemented in the Islamic period by mostly unhandled bag-shaped bottles, which until recently did not seem to have been particularly frequent in the archaeological record. Meanwhile, excavations in Fustat and Naqlun produced quite a sizable assemblage of this kind of vessels. The paper presents a tentative typology of these containers and a provisional determination of the liquid goods transported in them. The author hypothesizes on the reasons behind the spectacular career of the bottle apparently inspired by vessels of the LRA 5/6 type, which totally replaced the traditional LRA 7 amphora within just a hundred or two hundred years. The most important factor in this process of change may have involved practical considerations (including economical ones).

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Late antiquity and medieval Four-pillar churches in Egypt

Spätantike und mittelalterliche Vierstützenkirchen in Ägypten

Author(s): Peter Grossmann / Language(s): English,French,German / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Christian Egypt; Christian Nubia; church architecture; spatial organization of churches

The article offers an architectural analysis of a late antique and medieval type of church characterized by a naos with four pillars or columns supporting the roof. Variants that can be distinguished include one with a passage around the supports and another in which the supports form a cross-in-square. The analyzed type is poorly represented in the church architecture of Egypt, but is well attested in Lower Nubia. Nubian examples of the type give an idea of what the lost Egyptian prototypes may have looked like.

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The burning of a monastery? Story blazed on the walls of monastic buildings at Nekloni (Naqlun)

Author(s): Szymon Maślak / Language(s): English,French,German / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Nekloni (Naqlun); monastery; fire; burnt walls; medieval; conflagration

The walls of a late antique–medieval monastic complex at Nekloni (Naqlun) spreading on a plateau at the foot of Gebel al-Naqlun in the southeastern Fayum Oasis bear evidence of damage or destruction by fire. The extent of this conflagration is one issue to be considered: evident clusters of burnt walls are concentrated around the landmark Building A with more dispersed traces of burning to the south and north of it. Another issue is the date of this event, which the present author places closer to the end of the 10th or in the first decades of the 11th century. The monastery burned down at the very heyday of its existence, this prosperity attested by a collection of gold coins as well as pieces of decorated codices recovered from the ruins, giving a date prior to the 11th century. Whatever the reason for this conflagration, it did not put an end to the existence of the monastic community in this area. Soon after that some of the monastery buildings were rebuilt, and others, like the main church, were refurbished and repainted.

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Decorated glasses from the medieval Arab period (8th – 13th centuries): some examples from Naqlun

Verres décorés d’époque arabe médiévale (VIIIe–XIIIe siècles): quelques exemples provenant de Naqlun

Author(s): Maria Mossakowska-Gaubert / Language(s): English,French,German / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Islamic glass; decorative techniques; Egypt; monastic complex; Naqlun

The article presents the chronological and typological variety of decorated glasses found in the central part of the site at Naqlun, in the monastic buildings and tombs of the civil cemetery situated in the complex. Artifacts were dated between the 8th and the beginning of the 13th century. The decorated motifs on these glasses were executed with diverse techniques: tool marks, applied, pinched, impressed with tongs, impressed, mould-blown, engraved, cut, incised, scratch engraved,stained, marvered trails. Many similarities are to be observed with material from Fustat. However, the Naqlun assemblage as a whole is more modest, which is not surprising considering the context: provincial, rural and monastic at the same time.

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The Kellias, 1965–2015

Les Kellia, 1965–2015

Author(s): Marguerite Rassart-Debergh / Language(s): English,French,German / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Late-Ancient Egypt; Kellia; monasticism; Coptic painting

Discovered and partially excavated for the first time in 1904, the site of the Kellia, the Cells, one of the largest monastic complexes from Egypt, was not really identified definitively until 1960; excavated from 1965, the cells no longer exist; the publications and the objects preserved in the Coptic Museum of Old Cairo bear witness to of their past wealth. Here is a brief chronological reminder excavations (Egyptian, French and Swiss) and the main discoveries; are illustrated one of the first paintings and a mosaic, the best parallels of which were discovered in Faras by Polish teams; at least this is a hypothesis that deserves, I think, further research.

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Beyond Old Dongola: The multicomponent site of Hag Magid (Letti Basin)

Author(s): Krzysztof Grzymski / Language(s): English,French,German / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Letti Basin; Neolithic; Christian and post-Christian Nubia

A brief presentation of the Hag Magid archaeological site located on the east side of the Letti Basin, several kilometers to the north of the ruins of Dongola. Material from the Neolithic, Christian and post-Christian periods were recorded from the site during three visits in the 1980s and 1990s.

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