KILKA UWAG W KWESTII SPOSOBU ZASPOKOJENIA WIERZYCIELA PAULIAŃSKIEGO W POSTĘPOWANIU UPADŁOŚCIOWYM
A FEW REMARKS ON THE ISSUE OF HOW TO SATISFY THE PAULIAN CREDITOR IN BANKRUPTCY PROCEEDINGS

Summary/Abstract: Background: Bankruptcy law lacks detailed provisions of how to satisfy the actio pauliana creditor from the property of a third party in the event of its bankruptcy. This causes controversy in the doctrine of bankruptcy law. The consequence of this deficiency in statutory regulation as well as the lack of consistency in legal theory is the uncertainty of this creditor’s legal position in the practice of bankruptcy proceedings. Research purpose: The aim of the article is to establish the possibility of accepting de lege lata as a result of interpreting the provisions of bankruptcy law, the Code of Civil Procedure, and the Civil Code consistent with the axiological assumptions of the law of bankruptcy proceedings and the institution of actio pauliana. In the absence of such a possibility, a further goal of the study is to formulate the de lege ferenda postulate to the Legislator on which the axiological assumptions are based. Methods: The article uses the method of logical-linguistic analysis of normative material, which was supplemented to the extent necessary with the historical comparative method. Conclusions: In a situation of a contradiction between the values protected by the substantive legal institution of actio pauliana and the bankruptcy proceedings, it is axiologically justified to assume that the bankruptcy trustee should satisfy the actio pauliana creditor from the property that entered the bankrupt’s property on the basis of an ineffective act with precedence over bankruptcy creditors. Without a legislative change, adopting a result of interpreting the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure and the Bankruptcy Law corresponding to this axiological assessment does not seem possible to be legally justified. De lege lata, the actio pauliana creditor should therefore participate in a bankruptcy separate distribution of the sum obtained from the disposal of the item covered by the actio pauliana. A solution less favorable to this creditor would excessively interfere with the content of the actio pauliana as defined in Art. 532 of the Civil Code, which would distort its essence regulated in substantive law. De lege lata providing this creditor with the so-called right of separateness, which therefore must be regarded as the minimum level of legal protection granted in bankruptcy proceedings.

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