Využitie biografie v ošetrovateľskej starostlivosti o seniorov
Use of Biography in Nursing Care for the Elderly

Summary/Abstract: Many methods, which are implemented mainly in long-term home or institutional care accepting a holistic approach to patients, use the patient‘s biographical history. Knowledge of the patient‘s life story helps in the implementation of quality care and has a positive effect in the care of seniors with dementia. Therefore, in the article we deal with biography and application of biographical anamnesis in nursing care for the elderly. We describe the use of biography in reminiscence, validation, basal stimulation and the Psychobiographical Model of Erwin Böhm. We also present the results of research aimed at finding out the application of biography in nursing care for the elderly in social services facilities. The main method was a semi-structured interview, secondary methods were document analysis and participatory observation. The research group consisted of nurses working in health and social care facilities. After analyzing the collected data, we found that in the Slovak Republic, nurses independently implement basal stimulation and cooperate in validation and reminiscence. In the Czech Republic, nurses implement all the above methods, but they also have experience with the implementation of care according to Erwin Böhm‘s model. The use of patient biography data increases the effectiveness of treatment and helps to maintain or improve the self-sufficiency of seniors with dementia. Understanding the principle of care also has an impact on nurses. It helped them change their minds about the behavior of a senior with cognitive impairment.

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