Evropska perspektiva na začasni in trajni izstop s trga dela: reformiranje zavarovanja za brezposelnost in pokojninskega zavarovanja v Sloveniji
Temporary and Permanent Labour Market Exit: European Perspectives on Reforms of Unemployment Insurance and Pension Shemes

Summary/Abstract: The basic common characteristics of all European welfare regimes is that they were formed as specific clusters of their own tradition and initiative ideas from environment, with the decisive role and influence of German-Austrian idea of social insurance against basic social risks. The scope of insurance mostly depended on which target groups were the original core of those welfare regimes: vulnerable groups of society in the residual ones, employees in industrial achievement ones, and all citizens in institutional redistributive ones. The schemes of individual kinds of social insurance were introduced gradually while old age insurance was mostly introduced by the beginning of the Second World War. “The Golden Age” of welfare state in the Sixties was followed by the crisis caused by the growing gap between social costs and available resources. Of all social insurance schemes, unemployment schemes and pension schemes are subject to the most comprehensive and thorough reforms. To identify the characteristics of these change processes, the author of this article analysed the major unemployments scheme properties, and the target groups of pension insurance and the means of their insurance in different welfare regimes, comparing them to the same in West European countries and in transition countries. They found out that the original characteristics of individual welfare regimes influence more significantly the characteristics of old age insurance schemes than those of unemployment insurance, although the central characteristic of all analysed schemes is the focus on contribution-based social security, particularly emphasised during economic crisis. The particular social security characteristic of the transition countries is their industrial-achievement nature. The socialist governance aboandoned the unemployment insurance, it did indeed failed to contribute to the development of multi-pillar schemes of pension insurance. Conversely, it transcended the differences in the insurance of different occupational categories – fragmentation, which is one of the central characteristics of the industrial-achievement welfare regimes.

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