Zjawisko depopulacji w Polsce jako determinanta rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczego
The Phenomenon of Depopulation in Poland As a Determinant of Socio-Economic Development

Summary/Abstract: RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: The aim of the analyses is to diagnose the demographic situation in Poland in general, regional approach of the problem and in relation to the basic measure of economic growth and development – the gross domestic product index. THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS: The research problem is the demographic situation assessment and indication the depopulation phenomenon significance as a determinant of socio economic development. The paper uses a critical analysis of the literature on the economic development issues. Data on the demographic situation in Poland was analysed according to Webb’s typology, the phenomenon of depopulation, economic growth and development, using the GDP per capita index. THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: The first part refers to the importance of economic growth and development. The second – the argument relates to the results of analyses aimed at diagnosing, on the basis of data from public statistics, the demographic situation in Poland, in regional terms, in relation to the basic measure of economic growth and development – GDP. RESEARCH RESULTS: The unfavourably progressing demographic situation was diagnosed. The depopulation process is mainly generated due to the negative natural increase rate. 10 regions were diagnosed as dually depopulated. The dual or unilaterally active regions have an average and high GDP level. The demographic situation was most strongly created by the negative natural increase rate and the negative migration balance in 2 regions: with a very and an average GDP level. CONCLUSIONS, INNOVATIONS, AND RECOMMENDATION: The analysis showed an unfavourable tendency of the population decline, due to the limited possibilities of effectively stimulating the growth of natural population. Regions that are dually inactive are in a difficult situation. The direction of choosing the tools of socio economic policy can be found taking into account the fact that dually active regions have relatively more favourable and improving economic situation. It is also necessary to search for alternative stimulants of modern development, but also to create and promote the values of these regions in terms of living conditions, contributing not only to limiting the outflow of people, but also its inflow.

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