KÜLTÜR SORUNSALINA SANATTA DİNSEL METAFORİK YAKLAŞIMLAR
RELIGIOUS METAPHORIC APPROACHES TO THE CULTURE PROBLEMATIC IN ART

Summary/Abstract: Factionary definitions brought to the concept of culture in the historical process have fueled the hierarchical structure both between societies and within class societies. Culture, understood as the measure of civilization with the modernization movements, found its expression with developments in scientific, social, economic and artistic networks and intellectual efforts. In relation to modernity, culture has become a concept determined from a Western perspective. The modern Western meanings of culture implied a perfection determined by the West's own level of civilization and excluded cultures that did not conform to this standard. In addition, the social classes that lagged behind the intellectual framework of Western high culture have also been affected by this cultural limitation. The multiculturalist structure and pluralistic environment of the post-modern period, which affirms cultural diversity and differences, has created a suitable ground for deciphering this problematic structure of culture and making critical approaches to it. The art of the postmodern period criticized the problematic structure of culture with metaphorical expressions; In this context, the ideological structure of the concept of religion has been one of the main reference points. In this research, it is aimed to focus on the approaches to the cultural problematic through religious metaphorical expressions in art. Within the scope of the research method, sources in Turkish and foreign languages were analyzed, the necessary data were interpreted in the context of the subject. The subject was detailed with the artworks of artists who are thought to be suitable for exemplifying the rebellion with religious metaphorical expressions to the problematic structure of culture. In the light of the data obtained in the research, it has been pointed out that the concept of religion, which has been in parallel with the ideological and hierarchical structure of culture throughout history, has moved away from these ideological and hierarchical inferences in the cultural diversity of the postmodern period. It has been determined that critical approaches to the hierarchical structure of cultural conceptualizations and cultural practices find their most effective and controversial expression in religious metaphorical expressions. In this regard, besides the use of metaphor, the structure of religious teachings and sacred texts suitable for producing metaphors, the fact that these metaphors are destined to turn into expressions against social and moral values have been found important.

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