ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL ASPECTS OF THE COLLECTIVIZATION OF AGRICULTURE IN THE RURAL ENVIRONMENT OF BANAT REGION
ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL ASPECTS OF THE COLLECTIVIZATION OF AGRICULTURE IN THE RURAL ENVIRONMENT OF BANAT REGION

Summary/Abstract: Coming to power, after frauding the elections of 1946 and 1948, the Communists took over the power in Romania and went to firm measures in order to consolidate the totalitarian regime. The exponent of power was Gheorghe Gheorghiu - Dej who was at the head of the Romanian Communist Party between 1949 and 1965 and who imposed the Stalinist model in the nation's economy. The Stalinist model consisted of the liquidation of private property, intensive industrialization and the cooperativization of agriculture. On June 11, 1948, the Law on the nationalization of industrial and mining enterprises was imposed, and during the Plenary of March 3 - 5, 1949, the decision was taken to start the process of collectivizing the agriculture in Romania. The collectivization of the Romanian agriculture (1945 - 1962) was a long process and consisted in forcing the peasantry to give up the land areas that were individually owned and to enter the collectivist structures - Collective Agricultural Households (CAHs) later called Cooperatives for Agricultural Production (CAPs). The way of achieving the collectivization was violent, the communist authorities being faced with the peasant's refusal to enter the CAHs. The harshest measures were taken against the wealthy peasants, chiaburi also referred to by the Russian term kulaks. In 1962, the process of collectivization of the agriculture in Romania ended, and its long-term economic and social consequences were negative, causing, among others, a massive migration of the inhabitants from villages to cities, the uprooting of peasants from their native places and to the transformation of peasants from land owners into factory and plant workers.

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