Objasnenie patologických vzorcov očných pohybov pri dyslexii
Clarification of Pathological Patterns of Eye Movements in Dyslexia

Summary/Abstract: The paper aims to describe how basic eye movements work in normal reading and dyslexia, and based on available research, we analyze whether abnormal eye movements in persons with dyslexia are a consequence or a cause of reading difficulties. The theoretical study introduces conceptssuch as fixations and saccades, regressive movements, and refixations and clarifies when information is extracted from the text that enables the process of reading comprehension. It also explains what the perceptual range, the foveal, and parafoveal area are and familiarizes the reader with the areason which eye movements depend (visual, linguistic, and cognitive factors). It describes how the eye movements of individuals with dyslexia differ and makes clear how the corrected visual characteristics of the text affect its perception. In this review, we are considering whether the measurement of eye movements can be a reliable method of diagnostics in the process of assessing reading skills when dyslexia is suspected and whether it is possible to replace the expert assessment of language, reading,and spelling skills with instrumental measurement of eye movements. In conclusion, we point out the consensus of research findings that dyslexia is currently understood – not as a visual, but as a cognitive deficit that can be identified in the phonological component of language abilities. Abnormal oculomotor movements in people with dyslexia reflect disturbed language - cognitive processes duringreading, but they are not their cause, which also shows us the direction for therapy.

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