Między opcją zerową a kontynuacją. Reforma cywilnych służb specjalnych w Polsce w latach 1989–1990
Między opcją zerową a kontynuacją. Reforma cywilnych służb specjalnych w Polsce w latach 1989–1990

Summary/Abstract: A significant problem the countries of the former Eastern bloc faced at the threshold of the political transformations of 1989/1990 was defining the role and place of secret services in the new political reality. The path of the reforms depended primarily on the “way of moving away from communism”, the level of the rulers’ experience and knowledge on the reform of secret services, as well as the involvement of the ruling team in the changes carried out in this area. These factors, among others, determined whether the adopted institutional model took the shape of a “zero option” (building services from scratch) or “continuation” (leaving the existing solutions and adjusting them to the conditions of the new regime). Apart from these two antinomic models, there were many hybrid forms, in which various concepts related to the construction of new services, locating them in the structure of state authorities, methods of operation, and selection of personnel, were mixed. The aim of this article is to present the solutions used in Poland and the circumstances of the establishment of the State Protection Office in 1990.

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