Edukacja retoryczna w Europie – dominujące tendencje
Rhetorical education in Europe - dominant tendencies

Summary/Abstract: The aim of this article is to show that certain research and educational tendencies dominate in contemporary rhetorical education. For this reason, selected didactic offers and subjects included in study programs were presented, which are representative for research and didactics in the field of rhetoric carried out in Europe. The research and analyzes lead to the conclusion that there are three tendencies in rhetorical education: the tendency showing rhetoric from the language sciences point of view (linguistic and literary studies), the tendency showing rhetoric from the social sciences point of view (practical attitude) and the philosophical tendency (both theoretical and practical attitude). The article emphasizes that the mentioned tendencies are not mutually exclusive. However, it can be seen which of them is the basis for the method of practicing rhetoric and clearly dominates. First, examples of these didactic offers are presented that are implemented from the perspective of the language sciences, then those that take the perspective of social sciences, and finally, those that have a clear philosophical perspective. This order is not accidental. The “linguistic” approach to rhetoric seems to be the most common. Studies conducted from the perspective of social sciences put emphasis on the practical dimension of knowledge. Philosophical perspective generally takes into account both dimensions of rhetoric, i.e. the theoretical and practical dimensions. This, in turn, allows to see all dimensions of human life and gives a full understanding of the rhetoric itself, as well as the need to include it in education.

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