Wpływ chorób endokrynologicznych, metabolicznych i choroby refluksowej na zaburzenia głosu
The impact of endocrine and metabolic disorders and the reflux disease on voice disorders

Summary/Abstract: The voice is the basic communication tool, the color or quality of which may be affected by metabolic or endocrine diseases, as well as gastroesophageal reflux disease and laryngopharyngeal reflux disease. Obesity is the abnormal or excessive accumulation of fat, which poses a health risk. Changes in the body due to fat accumulation are likely to contribute to the ‘respiratory symptoms of obesity’ such as wheezing and breathlessness. The topic of the influence between obesity and the voice requires further research. Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic chronic disease in which the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or when the body cannot use it effectively. It is reported that patients with poor glycaemic control and neuropathy are characterised by a significant difference in voice assessment. Reflux disease is a chronic condition in which acidic gastric contents move into the oesophagus (GERD) or the pharynx or the larynx (LPRD). It is indicated that there are changes in voice quality in patients struggling with reflux disease compared to healthy individuals. Hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism are conditions caused by an abnormal production of hormones by this gland. In their course, enlargement of the thyroid gland may occur, thereby constricting the vocal cords and causing dysphonia. This topic requires further research. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in women of the reproductive age. The results of the studies on the correlation between PCOS and voice disorders are not consistent. The aim of this article is to draw attention to and emphasise how greatly the human voice organ is affected by common diseases that the 21st century man struggles with.

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