Akwakultura – jej znaczenie cywilizacyjne i gospodarcze w polityce morskiej państw i „społeczności międzynarodowej”
Aquaculture – its Civilisational and Economic Significance in the Marine Policy of Individual States and the International Community

Summary/Abstract: The author discusses the meaning, origins, role and significance of contemporary aquaculture in the broader sense of the word and as the breeding of marine organisms, especially fish, in the context of the significant overfishing of many bodies of water. Marine aquaculture is sometimes linked to aquaculture as carried out in estuaries and rivers flowing into the sea. Associated with aquaculture are such areas as biotechnology and genetic engineering, and also the protection of the marine environment against pollution coming from coastal aquatic farms. In this regard various technologies are used including artificial reefs surrounding the farms to reduce their negative environmental impacts, and advanced electronic monitoring systems. The European Union has introduced a special, interdisciplinary research program with the aim of preparing a comprehensive report dealing with such issues as the legal and economic aspects of environmental protection in the vicinity of fish farms. The EU approaches the issue of aquaculture from various perspectives including the economy of coastal areas, but it also takes a broader, global approach – within the framework of assistance programs for developing countries in Africa, the Caribbean and the Pacific. The author highlights the legal aspects relating to this, their direct and indirect relationship to aquaculture, also in the context of marine environmental protection. Experience from Europe, the Middle East and Asia concerning the legal aspects of marine aquaculture could be used to inform appropriate legislation. This could then be disseminated not only on a sub-regional and regional scale, but also more widely.

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