Więzienia w Polsce w okresie pandemii COVID-19. Kształtowanie się niektórych instytucji prawa karnego wykonawczego w latach 2020–2021
Prisons in Poland during the COVID-19 pandemic: The development of some institutions of executive criminal law in 2020–2021

Summary/Abstract: The article is devoted to an attempt to diagnose the functioning of prisons during the COVID-19 pandemic. The author tried to answer the questions whether and what changes occurred in the implementation of the statutory tasks of penitentiary units in the special period, which was the time of the threat of a pandemic, how did it affect the size of the prison population and the living conditions of persons deprived of liberty on the surface of a residential cell, which at that time period they occupied? The author was particularly interested in determining the functioning of some institutions of exec- utive penal law and some pathological and dangerous behavior of prisoners during the pandemic. For this purpose, the author has attempted to compare some institutions of penitentiary law in the pre-pandemic period, i.e. in 2018–2019, with the pandemic period, i.e. in 2020–2021, and in particular the size of the prison population, the execution of imprisonment outside the prison in electronic monitoring system, participation of convicts in social rehabilitation systems for serving the penalty of imprisonment, application of the institution of conditional release from serving the rest of the sentence, contact of convicts with the outside world, i.a. in the form of passes, employment outside the penitentiary facility, movement of prisoners between penitentiary units and courts and prosecutor’s offices, execution of the most severe disciplinary penalty, frequency of deviant behavior of prisoners threatening their health and life (self-aggression) and threatening the safety ofpenitentiary units and prison staff, modes of leaving prisons by persons deprived of their liberty. The functioning of penitentiary courts during the pandemic was assessed, which changed the mode of holding court proceedings from traditional to remote. Determining the measurements of these variables in two periods allowed for the formulation of final conclusions that are interesting, because sometimes and surprising.

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