ROGATICA OD 1991. DO 2013. GODINE: PROMJENE U ETNIČKOJ STRUKTURI STANOVNIŠTVA POD UTJECAJEM RATA PROTIV BOSNE I HERCEGOVINE
ROGATICA FROM 1991 TO 2013: CHANGES IN THE ETHNIC STRUCTURE OF THE POPULATION UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF THE WAR AGAINST BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

Summary/Abstract: Before the aggression against the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bosniaks, Serbs, Croats, Yugoslavs and Others lived together in Rogatica. In the total population of the municipality of Rogatica, there were 60.10% Bosniaks, 38.18% Serbs, 0.09% Croats, 0.85% Yugoslavs and 0.79% Others. In the town of Rogatica, Bosniaks made up 63.72% of the total population, Serbs 33.32%, Croats 0.18%, Yugoslavs 1.57% and Others 1.21%. The inhabitants of this area were used to community through educational, economic, cultural and sports life. The leadership of the Serbian Democratic Party (SDS) strove to implement the plans of Slobodan Milošević and the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts (SANU) to create ethnically clean areas where only Serbs would live. Since there were 60.10% Bosniaks in the municipality of Rogatica, and 63.72% in the city, that area as well as the entire Bosnian Podrinje had to be "ethnically cleansed". The goal of the SDS and the "Serbian forces" in the war against the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina was to kill and expel Bosniaks and Croats from Rogatica. The "Serbian Municipality of Rogatica" was founded, and on April 8, 1992, the Crisis Staff of the "Serbian Municipality of Rogatica", headed by Milorad Sokolović. Numerous war crimes were committed against the population of Rogatica, mostly Bosniaks: murders, rapes, beatings, mistreatment, humiliation, imprisonment in camps. In the period 1992-1995. year, all mosques, of which there were 23, and masjids, of which there were three, were demolished in the territory of the municipality of Rogatica. The only free area in the municipality of Rogatica was Žepa, which was declared a "protected zone" on May 6, 1993 by United Nations Security Council Resolution No. 824. After the fall of Srebrenica on July 11, 1995, Žepa was also attacked. The VRS, led by Ratko Mladić, also entered the UN protected zone of Žepa on July 25, 1995. The armed aggression against Bosnia and Herzegovina from 1992 to 1995 ended with the signing of the Dayton Agreement on December 14, 1995 in Paris. According to the Dayton Peace Agreement, Rogatica became part of the Bosnian entity Republika Srpska. The return of the exiled Bosniaks to the area of the Rogatica municipality was slow with many obstructions by the local and entity authorities. In the post-war period, many instigators and perpetrators of war crimes in Rogatica were accused and convicted. The political elite of the Republika Srpska in The Hague was convicted by the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia for war crimes committed in the municipality of Rogatica: President Radovan Karadžić was sentenced to life in prison, Vice President Biljana Plavšić to 11, and Speaker of the National Assembly Momčilo Krajišnik to 20 years in prison. In 2013, the population census was carried out in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It was the first list after the war and aggression. In 2013, 10,723 inhabitants lived in the municipality of Rogatica, which was 11,255 less than in 1991. There were 1,117 Bosniaks, which was 12,092 less than in 1991. The number of Serbs in the period 1991-2013 increased from 8,391 to 9,527, which was an increase of 1,138 persons, and there were 19 Croats, as in the 1991 census. There were 12 people who did not declare themselves, 43 did not answer and the other 5. The town of Rogatica had 6,522 inhabitants in 2013, which is 2,394 less than in 1991. There were 82 or 5,599 fewer Bosniaks than in 1991. There were 6,390 Serbs or 3,419 persons more than in 1991. The number of Croats decreased from 16 to 13, and all the others were 37, which is 211 less than in 1991. The municipality of Rogatica, which consisted of 118 settlements, had 10.41% Bosniaks in the total population in 2013, which is 49.69% less than in 1991. 88.85% were Serbs, which is 50.67% more than in 1991. In the town of Rogatica, there were 1.26% Bosniaks and 97.98% Serbs in the total population. There were fewer Bosniaks by 62.46%, and more Serbs by 64.66%. Rogatica is an example of how murders, expulsions, intimidation, rape and other forms of war crimes can change the ethnic structure of the population of a municipality and city.

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