LE SUJET LITTÉRAIRE: „JEUX DE LA MORT ET DU RETOUR”
The Literary Theme: The Game of the Death and Return

Summary/Abstract: This paper recommends itself as a presentation of the ‘adventures’ of the literary subject, especially the novelistic one, at the end of the 20th century in philosophy, literary theory and novelistic practice in the French and the Polish literature. It is about the so-called ‘death’ of the subject and ‘its rebirth and return’ in the novelistic products at the end of the second millennium. As a consequence of the ‘adventures’ of the literary subject related to the French ‘nouveau roman’, there takes place the constant disappearance of the subject, which leads, according to the new research in the domain, to the new rehabilitation in the renewed situation of the European novel. A great appeal to the narrative form of the contemporary novelistic production insistently shapes the issue of the identity of the subject and its subjectivity. At the peak of Structuralism, Benveniste states already that a statement without a subject is impossible: „Le langage n’est possible que parce que chaque lecteur se pose comme sujet, en renvoyant lui-même comme je de son discours”. The term of literary subject – understood as ‘a place which acknowledges the speech act’ – remains at the centre of the ontological preoccupations of contemporary literature, which constantly aims at answering the major question: who is talking? What changes is only the modality of approach.

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