REVERSE DOMINANCE HIERARCHY IN CIVILIZED SOCIETIES. WHY IS IT DIFFICULT TO EXPLAIN THE LEX-REX MODEL?
REVERSE DOMINANCE HIERARCHY IN CIVILIZED SOCIETIES. WHY IS IT DIFFICULT TO EXPLAIN THE LEX-REX MODEL?

Summary/Abstract: The history of civilization consists of empires, kingdoms, oligarchic republics, and city-states; it constitutes a mosaic of human settings and a long succession of rulers who have ruled over their citizenship for the sake of peace and justice. A common characteristic of these cultures is that they were ranked os societies. Rulers, landlords, administrators, officers, philosophers, merchants, or laborers have been individuals who have known their location on a scale of grades; they have respected those above them and demanded respect from those below them. However, there have been civilized societies which have had no ranks, and no ruling class; they have had rules, practices of detecting transgressors, process of proving guilt and institutions of punishment. Several scholars have studied these societies and designated them with various terms. This work uses the term covenantal societies for this societal type and the Lex-Rex model for their style of government. The article focuses on the reasons why it is difficult to explain their stability, their resilience, their functionality and even their very existence.

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