Kněz udělovatelem svátosti biřmování v historickém kontextu do první kodifikace
The Priest as the Conferrer of the Sacrament of Confirmation in a Historical Context until the First Codification

Summary/Abstract: Throughout the history of the Church, we see that the sacrament of confirmation has been given not only by bishops, but also by priests. In the Eastern Churches this is entirely normal, but in the Western Church a priest is only an extraordinary conferrer of this sacrament. In order for a priest of the Latin Rite to be able to validly administer confirmation, he needs a mandate to be granted by a church authority, which has always been the Pope alone. From the 18th century, this power was granted more often to bishops, especially in mission areas. Gradually, the authority to confirm has been extended to holders of certain church offices. This practice was subsequently adopted by the Code of Canon Law of 1917.

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