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Analogy in the Correlating of Languages

Summary/Abstract: The application of analogy (as a method of human cognition) to language modeling opens up new possibilities for theoretical generalizations. This is particularly important for correlative linguistics, as it draws its theoretical conclusions from a parallel description of two language systems, not from their essence. Its object to be sought and described consists of relations between languages. A correlative model adequate to such an object should be based on the functions of linguistic units in text. Important are also the degree of universality of the correlating parameter and the dimensionality of the correlating process. Thus, correlating should preferably be applied to functional and semantic categories, such as aspectuality, temporality etc. The material comes from translations. The source and target texts are subjected to correlative linguistic analysis. The results are considered from the point of view of functional-semantic categories, comparing them on the basis of system hierarchy, while the structural and functional aspects are kept apart. The material thus classified is subjected to another round of comparison in order to reveal interlinguistic contrasts, equivalents, differences and functional identities. The results are divided into three classes according to whether they are indicative of analogy, symmetry or asymmetry between the two languages. The case study involves a correlative linguistic model of aspectuality (Estonian vs. Russian). The author calls her approach correlative to emphasize its essential difference from contrastive grammar.

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