Стереотипна уязвимост и успеваемост на чернокожите американци на тестове за интелигентност
Stereotype Vulnerability and the Intellectual Test Performance of African-Americans

Summary/Abstract: Stereotype vulnerability is being at risk of confirming, as self-characteristic, a negative stereotype about one's group. Studies 1 and 2 varied the stereotype vulnerability of black subjects taking a difficult verbal test by varying whether or not their performance was ostensibly diagnostic of ability, and thus, whether or not they were at risk of fulfilling the racial stereotype about their intellectual ability. Reflecting the pressure of this vulnerability, blacks underperformed in relation to whites in the ability-diagnostic condition but not in the nondiagnostic condition (with SAT's controlled). Study 3 validates that ability-diagnosticity cognitively activated the stereotype in these subjects and motivated them not to conform to it, or to be judged by it. Study 4, showed that mere salience of the stereotype could impair blacks' performance even when the test was not ability-diagnostic. The role of stereotype vulnerability in the standardized test performance of ability-stigmatized groups is discussed.

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