Политическая ссылка в Олонецкую губернию в годы правления Александра II (1855–1881 гг.)
The political exile in Olonets province (gubernija) during Alexander II reign (1855–1881)

Summary/Abstract: The article based as on published as on archive sources describes general characteristics of political exile in Olonets province (gubernija) during Alexander II reign as sociocultural phenomenon. At the end of 1854 there were 159 political and criminal exiles in Olonets province. In summer, 1854, before Alexander II coronation, an amnesty was announced. This amnesty concerned 30 criminal and 5 Polish political exiles. Among the well-known political exiles in 1860s it’s possible to mention Moscow University graduate and specialist in folklore Pavel Rybnikov and Kharkov University student Petr Zavadskiy. In 1869–1872 the Populists («Narodniks») circle existed in Petrozavodsk. It consisted of political exiles and some representatives of local young people. In 1879 the circle of Mikhail Fidrovskiy was created in Petrozavodsk. Its member were political exiles Petr Zaichnevskiy and Dmitry Sil’chevskiy and even the Head of the governor’s office Sergey Priklonskiy. Soon the circle was closed and its member were punished. From the late 1870s local authorities began to station political exiles not in Petrozavodsk, but in small district (yezd) cities. In Povenets exiles opened big library, and in Pudozh the clash between political exiles and local policemen took place in August, 1879. This clash became well-known as «Mushrooms riot». Up to February, 1, 1880 there were 63 political exiles in Olonets province. Among political exiles in 1855–1881 there were many representatives of non-Russian nation (Poles, Kazakhs, Caucasian mountaineers and even 1 Uzbek). Up to the early 1880s even representatives of local authorities had to recognize that exile was not effective measure for punishment of political criminals.

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