NATIONAL INNOVATION SYSTEMS– AN INTERNATIONAL COMPARISON –
NATIONAL INNOVATION SYSTEMS– AN INTERNATIONAL COMPARISON –

Summary/Abstract: Over the past 5 decades; Growth in the stock of knowledge has been the most important factor behind the dramatic rise in living standards in the United States and other countries, Obviously, The entire system of Research and development (R&D)-or as it is sometimes called, the National Innovation System (NIS) approach which represents a widely useful concept in recent innovation research and has got a growing recognition by policymakers in most developed countries; and especially that it helps raising and achieving the innovative process within the country by distributing information and technology among people and organizations. Moreover organization of innovation plays a significant role in market-based economies as well as in their institutional set-ups; thereby the concept of NIS is employed as a theoretical framework, mainly because this concept allows for a rational holistic analysis of modern innovative activities. This paper attempts to add to the main field of international comparisons of National Innovation Systems and to include fresh insights into the organization of national innovation systems, and by the way, we will rely on some recent analysis and researches that had been done about the US national innovation system as one of the highly developed systems in the entire world, and we will try to compare it with those of less developed countries; otherwise we will examine the origins and viewpoint for the characteristics of the U.S. NIS which has historically distinguished its structure from those of other developed countries. This paper also explores the role of international and national institutions and governments in the mission of reinforcement of national innovation systems through innovative policies at national and international levels.

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