Innowacje społeczne: obywatelskie usprawnienia miast
Social innovations: bottom-up urban improvements

Summary/Abstract: Social innovation relating for cities mean original and bottom-up solutions, focusing on better meeting the individual and the urban community needs. According to examples presented in the article, innovative activities of urban residents can be considered not only in the context of “creativity” as economic advantage, but rather in terms of responsiveness to the faulty policy of urban management. It is necessary according to the author to redefine the concept of social innovation, so as to take account of the actions that are illegal and constitute a form of protest against the inability of municipal authorities

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