Idea wolności i ekspresja artystycznego buntu w nowoczesnej poezji hindi
The idea of freedom and the expression of artistic protest in modern Hindi poetry

Summary/Abstract: Artistic expression of the idea of freedom in Hindi poetry of the first half of the 20th century evolved from a desire for political autonomy, through a need for social emancipation, towards a desire for freedom of artistic imagination. Since the notions of freedom and artistic individuality – understood in the European manner – did not exist in India, a demand for creative freedom meant not only breaking the accepted aesthetic and artistic rules through introducing a new style or the spoken idiom, but also by rejecting the world‑view, determined by the religious and philosophical tradition. This article presents some of the consequences of a distinctive artistic revolt, which on the philosophical level meant simply a desire for the signified to become one with the signifier, and on the strictly literary level – a desire for transgression beyond stereotypes (such as aesthetic cannon, style, etc.), towards the modern form of poetry existing in language.

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