В търсене на нови основания на Логиката (първа част)
In Search of New Foundations of Logic (part I)

Summary/Abstract: This part is concerned with the connections between the foundations of logic and logical ideas developed from ancients to the formulation of the so called „Traditional logic“. Logical research begins as an attempt to generalize the various forms of valid arguments in the real life. Aristotle sets as a subject of interest the notion of „logical deduction“. The different applications of the „deductions“, however, demand investigation of the conditions of correctness of use that depend on the particular circumstances. This induces difficulties in both development of foundations, indeterminacy of the categories, and inconsistencies of the conceptions. The different notions of the structure and function of proposition is the basis for the differentiation between predicate and propositional logic. During the Middle ages, logicians make attempts to overcome the indeterminacies by linguistic and semantic differentiations and adjustments. They distinguish between form and content, leading to the further distinction between formal and content logic. The problems of concordance among the different foundations of logic, however, still remain – accepted differentiations admit both objective and subjective foundations. Scholastic philosophy finds the subjective foundation of logic more natural. This results in psychologizing logic. The emphasis on science and practice during the Renaissance leads to the development of inductive logic as an instrument for knowing. Consistent with the conception of knowledge of the times, inductive logic is interpreted subjectively and is included in the flow of traditional logic. That means that the notion of „logical deduction“ is treated psychologically ,which is different from the way modern logic is treated nowadays.

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