Анимационният филм във Франция преди Втората световна война: 1910 - 1943
The Animated Film in France Until the Second World War: 1910 –1943

Summary/Abstract: French animation dates back to 1908 although Charles-Émile Reynaud (1844-1918) made a cinematographic screening of caricatures much earlier before this time in the Théâtre Optique at the Musée Grévin in Paris. The article is focused especially on its first steps. It discusses films created by prominent authors who have left their mark the in history of animation such as Émile Cohl – known as the father of French cartoon films, Léopold Survage, Wladyslaw Starewicz and many others.The author analyzes the development of the artistic expression of the structure of the animated cartoon on the basis of spiritual and philosophic ideas of the epoch, represented by the ideas of thinkers and poets - such as Arthur Rimbaud, Blaise Cendrars, etc. - about the role of color, rhythm and movement in the creation of the image. The problem of the relations between caricature, comics art and the pictorial language of the new art movements in Modern time and animation cinema is little known in history and theory of animation, and for this reason its investigation by the author is of contributive character. He successively considers works by artists such as the representatives of Dadaism Man Ray and Tristan Tzara, the representative of Cubism Fernand Léger, or by Marcel Duchamp and their impact on the language, techniques and character design of the animated film. A great attention is given to creative artists as Bertolt Bartosz 168 (with his cut paper characters) and Alexander Alekseev (with his famous pinscreen) who contribute to the enhancement of the diversity of techniques and styles in the rendering of the image not only in French animation but also on a global scale.

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