Раждането на новата турска живопис (XIX-XX в.)
The Origin of New Turkish Painting at the End of 19th and Beginning of 20th Century

Summary/Abstract: The process of Europeization of Turkish culture started in the Tanzimat era embraced more and more spheres of social and cultural life. This spectacular transformation from Islamic to European culture is closely related to the appearance of a new type of intellectuals and artists as a result of a number of reforms in education and society as a whole. The rejection of previous and the acceptance and building of new European model are the main characteristics of transition from one civilization to another. In the field of fine art painting, it means not only applying new techniques, but rather change in the very conception of the world, the attitude of the artist toward the universe, nature and man. This is a process of an internal opposition between the ‘’traditional” and the “modem”. The 1914 Generation of Ibrahim Qalli, Hikmet Onat, Ruhi Arel, Feyhaman Duran, Nazmi Ziya, Namik Ismail, Sarni Yetik among them creates a new qualitative and even revolutionary change in Turkish art. Above all, it is a strive for a new and individual outlook, the stronger expression of the creator himself with a new approach and techniques that were closer to the impressionist and post-impressionist attitude to the world. They had the opportunity to enrich their experience and knowledge in Europe and to acquire a new outlook, or manner of thinking. Destroying the “old” in a revolutionary way they succeeded to ruin also the barriers to the new Modem Turkish art The spread of impressionism in Turkey or a “local” variant of it is due mainly to their efforts and works. What makes them closer to the “belle epoque” is rather the liberation of individuality as a leading principle of their creativeness than specific features of their style. Rep­resenting a modernist trend they, however, man­ aged to keep a balance between “the other” and ‘’the same”, to borrow from European art only what their internal need required and to the ex­ tent which gives answers to their beliefs and creative princip​les. The creative works of the “1914 Generation” often named “Turkish impressionism”, shows that the generation of the first Turkish modernists gives a very important impulse that inspired Turkish intellectuals to look for the “new” and the non-traditional. Thus, creators and innovators in the field of art, literature, journalism etc., play a decisive role and contribute to the building of new cultural identity of the Turkish nation at the beginning of 20th century.

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