Надписите-графити от XIV в. в църквата „Св. Георги“ при с. Горни Козяк, Щипско
The 14th Century Graffiti in the Church of St. George at the Village Gorni Kozjak Near Shtip

Summary/Abstract: The church of St. George at the village of Gorni Kozjak near Shtip has been the object of study for a long time. One of the interesting questions of its history are the graffiti (inscriptions) scratched into the preserved frescoes. They have been dated to the 40s-50s of the 14th c. and carry important information. They are linked to many highly educated personalities ("grammarians") who wrote books and taught the people literacy. To be noted are Stanislav the Grammarian, Voihna the Grammarian. Grammarian Nistor and Priest Ivanko. The authors were able to decipher and interpret two remarkable texts. One deals with a certain Bratan who had come to church for the services on Friday with a woman, Macedonia. The second is a text, already known, which speaks of a Despot Tornik not attested elsewhere. On the basis of recent publications, the authors propose several variant identifications. Most acceptable is the identification of Despot Tornik with Tornik Radoslav, kefalia in Seres in 1356 and close to the widow of King Stefan Dushan, Queen Elena.

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