Тандем «Сознательной матери» и врача: зарождение педиатрического патронажа над грудными детьми в России на рубеже XIX-XX вв
Tandem “conscious mother” and doctor: the emergence of pediatric patronage of infants in Russia at the turn of the XIX—XX cс.

Summary/Abstract: The article aims to explore the circumstances of the origin of the pediatric patronage in Russia. The objective of the study is to prove that the basic methods of work with infants and their mothers were formulated and tested not in Soviet Russia, but during 1860—1910ies. The author uses an interdisciplinary, anthropologically oriented approach, makes use of the so-called everyday methods, biographical methods, as well as methods of gender and micro history. The research focuses not only on mothers of workers and peasants, but also on mothers of nobility. The article uses both objective sources of information (reports, charters of an association of charities), and subjective ones — egodocuments (women's diaries and autobiographical account), which allows to represent the process of pediatric patronage birth from the point of view of the patient, from the inside.The author argues that pediatric nursing appeared among the higher strata of society at the beginning of the XX c. in Russia. Its appearance was due to the spread of the child-centrism, “conscious motherhood” and the development of pediatric knowledge. The ideology of “conscious motherhood”, professionalization of mothers led to the fact that women in the daily care of children didn't trust their own knowledge or the advice of their friends, but only the instructions of professionals — qualified pediatricians.

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