Colectivizarea și lupta de clasă în caricatura din presa vremii, 1949-1959
The collectivization and the class struggle in caricature. 1949 – 1959

Summary/Abstract: Our study is structured in four chapters: the first – Propaganda, the second – The Class Struggle, the third – The Collectivization, and the forth – The collectivization and the class struggle in XXth century caricature. The first chapter defines the concept of propaganda, the propaganda’s types and the ways in which the propaganda is implemented. There are many ways in which the propaganda is made after the ideological content, the, the receiver of the message, the propaganda’s techniques, the propaganda’s type and the channels through which the propaganda is transmitted. The propaganda brought casts information, theories, models or value. To obtain the best results, propaganda must obey one of three basic rules of ideological brought casting: harmony (the new information must not disagree with the old one), constitution (the new information must be totally different from the old one) and reorganization (if the new information disagree with the old one, it must be founded a solid argumentation in order to persuade the receiver of the veracity of this argumentation). The types of propaganda are: oral, written and visual, each of these types containing a number of subtypes. Our study mainly describes virtual propaganda (the caricature is a subtype of visual propaganda). The second chapter takes care of the class struggle, starting from the definition and evolution of the concept, from Marx to Lenin and Stalin. The third chapter is focused on the collectivization’s evolution, starting from the soviet’s model to Romanian phenomenon. The last chapter deals with “the class struggle and collectivization” exposed in the caricatures published in the XXth century (1949-1959) press. The final purpose of the caricature (from the theoretical point of view) is to attack the bad habits, to fight them and correct them. The lock of caricature about the class struggle is relatively easy to explain by the insufficient knowledge of the Marx and Lenin’s ideology by the plastic artist of the era. The agricultural class struggle is pictured by opposition kulak – peasant-worker. We can find here also a schematism using the obsessive repetition of the motifs and tags. Therefore the kulak is always described as a middle-aged, fat and repulsive person and the workers appear as an athletic, pleasant young one. A lot of comparisons are made between kulak and vegetal parasites: mead and poisonous mushroom. Even if from an ideological point of view, the collectivization and the class struggle appear all over the political speeches, press and propaganda, the caricature regarding those subjects is poorly represented in number and quality. It can be easily noticed some kind of a schematism and a obsessive usage of the same tags, those conclusions being drawn from the poor understanding of the phenomenon in the plastic artists behalf.

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