Teigiamų alelinių būdvardžių ir jų vedinių aktantų raiška
Expression of positive allelic adjectives and their derivative actants

Summary/Abstract: The current article discusses the inclinations in expression of Lithuanian masculine and feminine adjectives analogiškas, ekvivalentiškas, lygus, lygiagretus, panašus, proporcingas, tapatus, tapatingas, tolygus, simetriškas, sinonimiškas, statmenas and their derivative actants. These bivalent adjectives are lexical reciprocals, in other words – allelic predicates. The semantic definition of actant adjectives depends on the way the participants of the mutual situation are interpreted, i.e. which mutuant (mutuants) is chosen as a reference point. This is in line with the use of reciprocal (monadic or dyadic) constructions. In cases when the entire set of mutuants – expressed as the subject in monadic constructions – is chosen as a reference point, the mutual relation can be intensified or specified by reciprocal markers coreferent with the subject in the nominative case. Semantic parameters of the mutual relation and the concept of mutuants as a bounded set impacts the choice of reciprocal constructions. The reciprocal anaphor intensifies each mutuant individually (Jonas ir Marytė panašūs vienas į kitą; Abudu panašūs vienas į kitą) or as a bounded set – tarpusavyje or tarp savęs (Jie panašūs tarpusavyje; tarp savęs).In monadic constructions, complements of bivalent adjectives are expressed by a subject in the plural nominative form of the noun or pronoun (Jiedu yra panašūs), two nominatives of the noun or pronoun coordinated by ir (Jonukas ir Marytė yra panašūs), or a nominative of the noun or pronoun and the preposition su followed by an instrumental case (Jonukas su Maryte yra panašūs).In dyadic constructions, the expression of an adjective complement used as an indirect object follows three predominant strategies: a dative case (lygus, lygiagretus, statmenas, tapatus, etc.), the preposition į and the accusative case (panašus), or the preposition su and an instrumental case (vienodas). The dative case is chosen based on the economy principle in language.Derivative adjectives retain the inherent mutual meaning and valency of the base word. In constructions naming a feature or possessors of a feature, complements may remain implied. In constructions expressing possessors of a feature, the syntactic necessity of the dependent clause is reduced.In constructions naming a feature made from monadic constructions, the subject is expressed in a genitive case (jų panašumas (jie yra panašūs); Jonuko ir Marytės panašumas (Jonukas ir Marytė yra panašūs)) or a genitive case and a preposition su with an instrumental case (Jonuko su Maryte panašumas (Jonukas su Maryte yra panašūs)). The dependent component of the names of features related to the subject of monadic constructions in terms of word formation is also expressed by the preposition tarp and a genitive case (panašumas tarp jų, Jonuko ir Marytės, buvo akivaizdus (jie, Jonukas ir Marytė, yra panašūs)). Such a construction is taken from locative constructions (cp. Laiškas yra (guli)čia, tarp išmėtytų daiktų, tarp rašiklio ir knygos; Tarp jų, Jonuko ir Marytės, panašumo yra (juose panašumo yra)). The use of nominalisations of the locative tarp are influenced by grammatical and semantic aspects: syntactic extension of the compound, categorical expression of dependent components, the nature of intensification of mutuants.As the data in the Corpus of Contemporary Lithuanian (Lith. Dabartinės lietuvių kalbos tekstynas – DLKT) are limited in quantity, it is difficult to generalise the inclinations in expression of the dependent complement of adjectival nouns used as an indirect object of the base adjective. Sometimes, the expression of the indirect object of adjectival verbs coincides with the expression of the base adjective complement used as an indirect object (panašus į ką – panašėti į ką; vienodas su kuo – (su)vienodėti su kuo); sometimes, however, it may be or is different (panašus į ką – supanašėti su kuo, lygus kam (su kuo) – susilyginti su kuo; tapatus kam (su kuo) – (su)tapatėti su kuo).The differences in expression are impacted by the perfectiveness of the adjectival verb.

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