Cyprian Norwid wobec parnasizmu w świetle swoich wypowiedzi
Cyprian Norwid’s Attitude Towards Parnassianism in the Light of His Opinions

Summary/Abstract: The article shows the relationship of Norwid and his work towards French Parnassianism. As is clear from the letters, Norwid regularly read two newspapers, which published the Parnassians: “L’Artiste”, where in 1856 Théophile Gautier published his manifesto, and “Revue de deux mondes”. They published, among others, reviews of the “Les Cariatides” collection by Theodore de Banville’s, or of “Stances et Poèmes” by Sully Prudhomme, as well as poetry of Leconte de Lisle. The creative outputs of both Norwid and Parnassians display many common features, such as the role of rhyme and harmony, as well as the demand that poetry should not be subordinated to the personal goals of man. In the letters Norwid stressed the role of work on composition, requiring the use of specific tools (the theme of the chisel is a frequently recurring one). French Parnassians, Gautier in particular, also employed sculptural imagery to emphasise the need for effort in the creation of the work.

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