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Types of Texts in Class Teaching of Language and Literature

Summary/Abstract: Texts have their own function in teaching. Their role is to find out and learn as well as to stimulate reading satisfaction among students. Numerous researches warn us that young people nowadays lack developed reading skills. To develop them, the focus should be on the reading material which is meant to be read to enjoy literature as an art or as a kind of help to gain knowledge, form concepts of certain phenomena and processes. The most widely-used texts in literature are described as fiction and non-fiction. Fiction is the base of literature teaching while science is mostly based on non-fiction. Informative texts are very often used to practise reading comprehension. The authors that deal with teaching English put a focus on decodable texts that contain frequent words and have the purpose of distinguishing a graphic form of the word from the verbal one. For the very beginning of learning to read, predictable texts are used or the texts with language forms that are repeated. Language teaching starts by learning how to read and write and that is when primer texts are used. In the beginning, they are short but the more learnt letters there are, the more complex and various they get. Reading book texts are found in readers, actually in textbooks designed for teaching language and literature. The texts used in primers and reading books can be literary and non-literary, fictional and non-fictional. In teaching theory and practice there are two different types of texts with different functions that they have in language and literature teaching. In literature teaching a literary text is the basic content and the main subject worked on. Learning grammar and spelling starts with a lingual-methodical text enriched with examples of a language phenomenon that is being studied. We get information and notices from informative texts. Scientifically popular texts and those from encyclopedias are often read in lower grades. Instructions are written in a manual (e.g. how to use a device). Non-linear texts are found in tables, charts and pictures and they stimulate divergent opinions. There are a lot of extra words or sentences in meaningful-corrective texts so their function is to check if reading was careful enough. A text-template is the base for writing (a greeting card, a form) that introduces students to the rules of formal communication. Texts read by pupils in lower grades of primary school have their place and role. It is of great importance to find the balance and offer them various texts. Every text is read for a certain reason-to find out, learn, find necessary information or practical instructions or to enjoy it and learn about life in general.

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