KULTŪROS, MENO IR LITERATŪROS PROBLEMOS LENKIŠKUOSE KROKUVOS LAIKOTARPIO J. A. HERBAČIAUSKO RAŠTUOSE
THE PROBLEMS OF CULTURE, ART AND LITERATURE IN J. A. HERBACZEWSKY’S POLISH WORKS OF THE CRACOWIAN PERIOD

Summary/Abstract: Lithuanian and Polish writer Jozef Albin Herbaczewski is considered to be the first modernist of the Lithuanian literature. Lithuanian researchers pay much attention to his works written in Lithuanian; however, they leave out his Polish works which form the greatest part of his literary heritage. The article presents the problems of culture, art and literature in Herbaczewski’s Polish works written in the Cracowian period of his life (1896-1923). The aesthetical programme of the writer is based on the traditional art conception and the ideals of the Polish romanticists. He emphasizes the role of the artist as the leader of his nation and maintains that art has to educate the nation and make it free. Art and literature should be based on Christianity and morality. In the work of art the ideas should be in harmony with the form and personality of the artist. Speaking about the Polish and Lithuanian culture and literature, Herbaczewski criticizes the rejection of romantic ideals, historical continuity and Christian values. In his opinion, the culture of folk and nobility should be unified because culture is strong just when it is integral. Herbaczewski’s ideas presented in his books shared the exponents of the ideals of the romanticism and the traditional values while the representatives of the new art considered them as old-fashioned.

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