“Kutsal İttifak”a Karşı “Kutsal Çağrı”: Osmanlı’da Cihad ve Nefîr Âmm İlanı (1686)
“Holy Call” against “Holy League”: Announce Jihad and the Levée en masse in the Ottoman Empire (1686)

Summary/Abstract: The major defeat of the Ottoman Empire in 1683 near Vienna give rises to the entity of a crusader union named “Holy League”. With the success of this alliance, the Ottoman lost lands. In 1686, the Ottoman Empire brought forward an implementation which had not been practised against enemy threat for a long time: Nefîr-i Âmm (Levée en masse or Mass Levy). Nefîr-i Âmm is mobilising all Muslims in a Muslim town in case of an invasion threat. In this study, the problematization of Nefîr-i Âmm implemented by the Ottoman Empire within the fight against the Holy League will be tested based on Charles Tilly’s strategies about the seizure of combat vehicles and his arguments about the formation of nation states. In this context, below; it has been claimed that the Ottoman Empire improved the ability to supply these extreme requirements with the implementation of Nefîr-i Âmm when it needed more manpower and pecuniary resources more than the usual conditions already required for war. In the cause of improving this ability, the government effectively called out the entire sanction power of religion depending on the implementation of Nefîr-i Âmm.

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