Jahwe – „szybki świadek” w Ml 3,5b na tle literatury międzytestamentalnej i rabinicznej
Yahweh as a “Swift Witness” in Mal 3:5b in Light of Intertestamental and Rabbinic Literature

Summary/Abstract: The article analyzes the imagery of God as a “swift witness” (Mal 3:5b)against the backdrop of the Jewish biblical, intertestamental, and rabbinic traditions. Byadopting the reference to the deuteronomistic institution of the witness which providedsurety for the observance of the Sinaitic covenant, the prophet implicitly expresses theadvent of a religious crisis signaled by the lack of proper religious identity and by theweakening of the temple institutions created to safeguard and cultivate this identity. Theimage of God as a “swift witness” who comes to his temple to execute judgment onthose who break the Covenant, and to inaugurate the ultimate era of justice, constitutesthe prophet’s answer to all those who harbor doubt about God’s justice.

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