Obywatel: z państwem czy bez państwa? Stare i nowe koncepcje obywatelstwa
The Citizen: with or without State? The Old and New Concepts of Citizenship

Summary/Abstract: The classical understanding of citizenship as connected with a state and a nation is being questioned by contemporary theories of transnational and postnational citizenship. According to these theories, citizenship is affected by the processes of “denationalisation”: it reaches beyond the borders of a nation state. However, the analysis of such new concepts shows that – although they correctly point out to many new phenomena – they still remain connected with a nation state, especially with a legal system at the level of a state. The goal of this article is to show that state policies may directly influence the processes of transnationalisation and postnationalisation of citizenship, either strengthening or weakening them.

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