BANDYMAI SPRĘSTI ŽMONIŲ SOLIDARUMO PROBLEMĄ RUSŲ FILOSOFIJOJE
Attempts to Solve the Problem of Men's Solidarity in Russian Philosophy

Summary/Abstract: Even though Russian philosophy is a comparatively young spiritual phenomenon, Russian philosophy perceived its uniqueness quite early, and the most important philosophical issues were often solved by opposing the dominant philosophical tradition in the West. The article analyses the concepts of solidarity of the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries in Russian philosophy. Both representatives of togetherness philosophy (Solovjov, Karsavin) and Russian existentialism (Berdiaev, Shestov) see the source of human alienation and social conflicts in the Western world-view that exists in the human relationship with reality. This relationship manifests itself in the reduction of Being into one of its aspects that results in the loss of other aspects of Being (Solovjov); subjectivism, i.e. the subject's self-assertion instead of the object (the other Being) (Karsavin); objectivised knowledge (Berdiaev) or knowledge in general, when an individual human existence is sacrificed for the sake of "truth" or "fact" (Shestov). For this reason, the above-mentioned philosophers attempted to solve the issue of solidarity overcoming the knowledge that disintegrates Being (togetherness philosophy) in the domain of religious mysticism (Berdiaev), or summoning faith as the alternative of knowledge (Shestov). In conclusion it can be said that despite the high level of moral consciousness, Russian religious philosophy, unfortunately, did not influence Russian society as much as the ideologies that were "imported" from the West, and was not able to prevent one of the most horrible totalitarian regimes in human history.

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