Török kori viszontagságok Bihar vármegyében
Vicissitudes of the Ottoman Age in Bihar County

Summary/Abstract: The border region separating the Hungarian Kingdom and the Transylvanian Principality from Ottoman Hungary was a frontline of daily battles, aimed at forcing new territories to pay tribute. This study presents the submission process in Bihar county from the Transylvanian border region, with special emphasis on the Tatar invasion of 1599, which devastated more than half of the localities. The description of the 17th century tributes, of the exposure of the villages, and of the division of the lands between the Hungarian and Turkish landowners is based on a Hungarian investigation from 1645. The tributes imposed in the previous century have increased manifold, and the Ottoman owners have also begun to hold judgements and impose fines. Neither the Hungarian soldiers of the Transylvanian castles, nor the Hungarian owners of the settlements were able to limit these excesses.

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