Milli Mücadele Yillarinda İzmir-Balikesir Ekseninde Oluşan Kongre Siyasal İktidarlarinin Milli Egemenliğe Dayali Demokratik Yapilari
The National Sovereignty-Based Democratic Structures of the Congress Governments of Izmir-Balikesir Vicinity During the Years of National Struggle

Summary/Abstract: Shortly after the Armistice of Montrose and in the face of an immediate threat of invasion, war-worn Turkish people established executive boards then called heyet-i merkeziye and formed opposition fronts, and made extraordinary self-sacrifices to set their country free and independent, given the passive acceptance of the central government. People-nation sovereignty, as the name suggests, inevitably incorporates -or at least associates with– democracy. After WWI, there appeared no reason for Turks to cling on to constitutional thought. Given the submissive attitudes of sultans and their governments towards invasions, it was clear that the monarchy regime could not protect the nation’s wealth and rights. Mustafa Kemal, who had closely observed how outdated such a regime was since his youth, made the thought of national sovereignty a fundamental principle of national struggle. This principle not only constituted the basis of the national congresses, but it also laid the foundation of governments established by local and regional congresses.

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