ЗАПРОВАДЖЕННЯ КОНЦЕПЦІЇ ШТУРМОВИХ ЗАСОБІВ НАПАДУ З-ПІД ВОДИ ДЖЕВЕЦЬКОГО-МАКАРОВА В ОДЕСІ
CONCEPTION OF THE COMBAT FACILITIES TO STRIKE FROM UNDER WATER BY DZHEVETSKYMAKAROV AND ITS IMPLEMENTATION IN ODESA

Summary/Abstract: Previous researches focused only on Russian underwa¬ter navigation. This article examines the foundation of underwater navigation in Odesa Bay in the last quarter of the XIX century made by the Ukrainian and Polish people. Our methodology includes, firstly, observations, review of numer¬ous documents concerning S. K. Dzhevetsky and S. O. Makarov; sec¬ondly, surveys their conception; and finally, the information about re¬searcher V. P. Kreminsky and officer M. I. Tymchenko-Ruban; As a result, the main findings of Dzhevetsky-Makarov’s conception is using the super-small underwater piloted vehicle for contact battles against a big armor navy vessel. Moreover, we introduce the new term «Odessa underwater naviga¬tion cell» in the last quarter of the XIX century. Conclusion: The main thesis of the article is to history about im¬plementation Dzhevetsky-Makarov’s conception in Odesa in the last quarter of the XIX century. Covered activity of S. K. Dzhevetsky in terms of the tests and demonstration of model-1 of the underwater vehicle of his own design in the Military Harbor of the Odesa and the implementation of model-3 (crew – 3 persons). The circle of like-minded people of S. K. Dzhevetsky is outlined as well as those who contributed to the implementation of his earlier inventions in the field of underwater navigation, namely: the breeder G. Blanchar, mechanic A. E. Garut (or Garuta), commander of the main serial underwater ve¬hicle І.І. Chaikovsky, baron K.P. Bistrom, M.F. Loshchinsky, M.K. Weis (M.P. Vence), S.O. Makarov, V.K. Vitgeft, M.A. Arcas. The basic princi¬ples of the concept of the Dzhevetsky-Makarov submarine navigation in terms of combat use and operation of underwater vehicles under daily conditions and in case of damage are formed in tabular form. The range of people who slowed down or sabotaged the implementa¬tion of S.K. Dzhevetsky’s model-3 to the Navy, namely: K.P. Seleznev, O.M. Chizhov, lieutenant Andreyev, M.D. Novikov, M.V. Kopytov. The disadvantages of the design of the underwater vehicle model by Dzhe¬vetsky, the main of which are the reliance on masonry force and the ex¬clusion of the possibility to make changes in the crew for rest, and, ac¬cordingly, the disadvantages concept of Dzhevetsky-Makarov, which provoked the appearance of an alternative concept that belonged to V. P. Kreminsky of underwater navigation. The criteria for the term «cell» (quantity, location and target) are substantiated, allowing to introduce the term «Odessa submarine navigation cell» to scientific circulation. The prospect of further exploration is in investigating activities of other submarine cells of the Ukrainian seafaring scientific school, starting with the second half of the nineteenth century.

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