Evoluţii ale războiului civil din Siria: factorii interni şi externi. Rolul Iranului şi al Turciei
The evolving civil war in Syria: domestic and external factors. The role of Iran and Turkey

Summary/Abstract: The Syrian civil war is carried up along religious lines (the Alawi and Shia population generally supports Assad, while the more numerous Sunni Syrians favor the rebels), there are fighters coming from other states (Lebanon, Irak, Jordan, Iran but also Muslims from EU countries) and there is also a proxy war. States such as Iran, Saudi Arabia, Turkey are sending weapons, money and instructors for the opposing camps in Syria, thus they indirectly fight, in remote areas, by instrumentalizing the Syrian forces. Russia and Iran are protecting the Assad regime, fearing otherwise they would lose a valuable geopolitical partner and the Russian-controlled maritime basis of Tartrus. Transnational extremist groups like Hizbollah and Al Qaeda affiliates are already present in the Syrian conflict. A crucial role could be played by Israel, which is currently defending itself, often in a pre-emptive way, against possible aggressors from Syria. The main lesson learned is that the necessary Arab Spring, if improperly managed and agreed by the various local actors, could turn extremely deadly and prevent democratisation and normal life for people.

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