Podwójne życie patriotyzmu w świadomości społecznej. Pomiędzy uniwersalizmem a partykularyzmem
The double life of patriotism in social consciousness: Between universalism and particularism

Summary/Abstract: This article has two goals. The first one is to sketch areas in which there is interest in patriotism as a social phenomenon, which is important for collective and individual identity. The goal is achieved by referring to various concepts and theories which perceive patriotism in the context of other phenomena focusing on the state, nation and society. This goal, however, is only an introduction to and the basis for attaining the second goal, which is to make an empirical reflection on the current state of social awareness in the area of understanding and perception of patriotism. This goal is achieved by analysing research dedicated to this problem and conducted by Collegium Civitas and the Centre for Public Opinion Research (CBOS) in 2017. The research concerned three key aspects of the phenomenon of patriotism: a) the way in which respondents understand the concepts of ‘patriotism’ and ‘nationalism’; b) the manner in which the relationship between the concepts of ‘patriotism’ and ‘nationalism’ is understood (as an antagonistic or compatible relationship); c) types of behaviours considered by the respondents to be patriotic.

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