GOSPODARCZO-MILITARNE PROBLEMY I DYLEMATY ZWIĄZKU RADZIECKIEGO W LATACH 30. XX WIEKU
THE ECONOMIC AND MILITARY PROBLEMS AND DILEMMAS OF THE SOVIET UNION IN THE 1930S

Summary/Abstract: In December of 1927, the 15th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union approved the guidelines for the elaboration of a five-year plan of the economic development of the country. According to J. Stalin, “the basic task of the five-year plan was to set […] a technologically backward country – on the tracks of a new modern technology”. The idea entailed make the Soviet Union an industrial state, strong one as well as completely self-sufficient and independent of the capitalist world. At the same time, the task of transforming the country into an industrial state was combined with a different objective, namely to completely rid the economy of capitalist elements, which in turn was to lead directly to the creation of a socialist society. At the same time the creation of a modern industry was to serve as a basis for the retooling and reorganization of not only the industrial sector, but also of transport and agriculture in accordance with the precepts of socialism. In the case of the agricultural sector, the objective was defined as the transformation of agricultural holdings into large collective farms, which was supposed to lead to the creation of a socialist economic base in the countryside (with peasants being perceived as an obstacle for this effort), with the ultimate objective of preventing the restoration of capitalism in the Soviet Union.

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