Ideja spekulativne fizike. Šeling i Hegel
The Idea of Speculative Physics. Schelling and Hegel

Summary/Abstract: The paper discusses the idea of speculative physics, starting from its general concept given in Schelling’s and Hegel’s philosophy, which is then examined in its theoretical bases with the categorical concepts, such as, the world, nature, matter, motion, space and time. For Schelling, philosophy of nature is “spinozism of physics”, which is risen towards the philosophical idea of revelation. Hegel admitted that Schelling understood that the truth of nature, the nature in itself, was the intellectual world, but that the totality of determinations of nature were not proven and developed as the necessary progress of that what was logical, that is, of thinking. When the existence of the forms of the mind (Geist) in nature has been proven, philosophy of nature can be said to have a speculative content, since philosophy of nature is, after all, according to Hegel, a thoughtful observation of nature, the speculative physics. Schelling went towards the concept of nature instead of the metaphysics of nature, but nature was for him “a dead, frozen intelligence”, “the external way of existence of the system of thoughtful forms”. However, Schelling was the one to place the nature in the concept and the conceptual form, setting the concept on the place of the usual metaphysics of understanding, which changed the categories of thinking from their bases. Hegel set himself a task to replace the usual categories of understanding with the forms of reason, founding the philosophy of nature as the science of speculative physics.

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