Dorosła „troska”, dziecięce „potrzeby”, społeczne sposoby zarządzania dziecięcą seksualnością
Adult “Care”, Children’s “Needs”, Social Ways of Managing Child Sexuality

Summary/Abstract: The presented article addresses the problem of learning in democracy by children at the early educational stage. The main objective of the conducted research was to present and analyze the activities of teachers in terms of creating conditions for children to experience democratic practices in the learning process. The background of this research is a review of the contemporary considerations on the idea of democratization in relation to the education of a child at early school age in the contemporary reality. In the course of the research, the author of the study searches for the answers to questions concerning the main problem: Do and what actions undertaken by teachers during integrated classes are conducive to learning in democracy by children at early school age? As a result of the conducted qualitative research using observation of integrated classes (daily blocks of classes) hosted by primary class teachers, the author categorized teachers’ actions hindering or preventing the child participation in the education process, building space for student autonomy in cognition and understanding of the world, and facilitating effective learning in the course of interaction with other participants of the educational process. In the final part, a summary was made and conclusions from the research were formulated, the inclusion of which in the practice of early school education may favor the democratization of the intellectual space of school.In the majority of societies, sex is a practice attributed to adults, however, the sexuality of children is considered a permanent object of social anxiety. Analyzes related to child sexuality require more than the presence of diverse ways of understanding what serves the best interests of children. Following M. Stainton Rogers, I assumed that it is necessary to explore the discourse which will allow to find out where the values found in the construction of child sexuality came from. The point of reference for these explorations has become the discourse shaping the western policy and social practice. Within it, there are strivings to identify the basic “needs” of children and find solutions to the “problems” associated with the implementation of these “needs”. In this text, the discourse of needs serves as a starting point for historical interpretations and contemporary ways of “creating” childlike sexuality. In my deliberations, I identified the elements of the discourse of “needs” and “problems” of children associated with sexuality. I have not omitted the discourse of new threats generated especially in the public space in which children function. Next, I looked at the activities connected with solving the “problems” of child sexuality (including the practices of their normalization). These considerations were accompanied by an analysis of the structure of children and their sexuality, which are at the center of specific “threats”. Referring to the “needs” and “problems” of childhood sexuality, I also paid attention to the tensions generated in relation to them.

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