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Translators' Loyalty

Summary/Abstract: The author discusses various changing translational theories which place the translator's loyalty in different elements of the translational process. Sometimes loyalty towards the author of the source text is demanded of them, and other times faithfulness towards the original work or to its readers, source culture, target culture, target recipients, translation commissioner, norms of the target culture etc. is required. Sometimes translators are treated like mere copyists, and other times as second authors (often even more important than the creators of the original texts). The article describes these changing norms from an ethical point of view, focusing on one of the most modern theories – the Manipulation School. A translator's loyalty (to what and whom?) influences the shape of the translation, which, in turn, affects its readers, their views and attitudes. And so, where should translators place their loyalty, to whom and to what should they be faithful? These questions require answers and answers are provided.

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