Политика России и СССР по отношению к ненцам: исторический обзор
The Policy of Russia and the USSR regarding the Nenets: Historical Review

Summary/Abstract: The following paper tells about the history of the Nenets people, the small nation, that lives in the Northern Russian regions both in Europe and Siberia, and about the policy of the Russian Empire, USSR and the Russian Federation connected with them. Authors look on the history of that nation, the influence of Russian and Soviet policy and found the changes, that appeared in the traditional life of that indigenous nation. The connection between the Russians and the Nenets began before 15th century, when their land became a part of the Russian Czardom. During the Monarchy, the Nenets had autonomy in all spheres (culture, traditional economy, language, religion, political life). The Soviets included that nation in their ethnical policy. In that period, we see the policy of sovietization of the Nenets that led to destruction of their traditional life, despite of the language defense and support by the State. Now, the Nenets, the biggest small nation of the Russian North, is an example of adaptation to political, economic, social and ecological changes. They still have their own ethnical identity, but they are on the risk

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