Konceptualizacja kategorii bezpieczeństwa w perspektywie wzrostu znaczenia tożsamości kulturowych
The conceptualisation of the category of security in the scope of the increasing importance of cultural identity

Summary/Abstract: The article points out the significant increase of the scope of studies on security, in both subject (including subjects other than countries, e.g. individuals) and object level. It can is shown by the shift of the emphasis from the military and political level of security on other levels, including the cultural and humanitarian ones. The discussion on the cultural challenges and threats, as well as the opportunities for security, has increased especially since the end of the Cold War. The increase of the military and political security, which took place at that time, facilitated opening for the international, including cultural, exchange. The spreading of the Western model of a liberal democracy, together with the free market rules and the protection of human rights and freedoms, made easier the process of international communication and strengthened the interdependence and internationalisation. In spite of these positive, freedom-oriented changes, however, the world is now facing challenges caused by the cultural progress, which in the process of globalisation and universalisation often results in negative phenomena such as the uniformisation of culture or the fading of cultural differences. The cultural security and the culture of safety, considered in this article, gain importance especially in the light of the visible need to strengthen the cultural identity of societies participating in the big international processes, which are taking place today, such as integration and globalisation. This importance of the cultural identity is now becoming even greater than the priority of protecting the sovereignty of countries. We can therefore assume that taking the cultural issues into consideration in the studies on security can contribute to a fuller understanding of the conditionings and mechanisms of both international politics and the principles of operation of the international system.

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